Trial reportLeukemia2016
Lenalidomide with or without erythropoietin in transfusion-dependent erythropoiesis-stimulating agent-refractory lower-risk MDS without 5q deletion.
Trial report in Leukemia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a Systematic Review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Lenalidomide-Epoetin Alfa Versus Lenalidomide Monotherapy in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Refractory to Recombinant Erythropoietin.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Trial
- A variant erythroferrone disrupts iron homeostasis inScience translational medicine · 2019Trial
- A randomized phase II trial of azacitidine +/- epoetin-β in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes resistant to erythropoietic stimulating agents.Haematologica · 2016Trial
- Effect of lenalidomide treatment on clonal architecture of myelodysplastic syndromes without 5q deletion.Blood · 2016Trial
- Efficacy and safety of luspatercept with or without erythropoiesis-stimulating agent in patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms with ring sideroblasts: A multicentre real-life study by the GFM.British journal of haematology · 2025Article
- How to use luspatercept and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome.British journal of haematology · 2025Review
- Expression levels of genes implicated in the working mechanism of lenalidomide predict treatment response in lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome patients.Haematologica · 2025Article
- Low-risk MDS-A spotlight on precision medicine forHemaSphere · 2025Review
- Effect of add-on therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine on the survival of patients with anemic lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes in the real-world setting: a retrospective study.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Treatment of Anemia in Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Role of reactive oxygen species in myelodysplastic syndromes.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Review
- Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2023 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management.American journal of hematology · 2023Review
- Management of Patients with Lower-Risk Myelodysplastic Neoplasms (MDS).Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Current Therapeutic Landscape in Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes.Current treatment options in oncology · 2023Review
- The Genetic Landscape of Myelodysplastic Neoplasm Progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Vitamin B5 and succinyl-CoA improve ineffective erythropoiesis inScience translational medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
42 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After failure of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), lenalidomide (LEN) yields red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence (TI) in 20-30% of lower-risk non-del5q myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Several observations suggest an additive effect of ESA and LEN in this situation. We performed a randomized phase III study in 131 RBC transfusion-dependent (TD, median transfusion requirement six RBC units per 8 weeks) lower-risk ESA-refractory non-del5q MDS. Patients received LEN alone, 10 mg per day, 21 days per 4 weeks (L arm) or LEN (same schedule) + erythropoietin (EPO) beta, 60,000 U per week (LE arm). In an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, erythroid response (HI-E, IWG 2006 criteria) after four treatment cycles (primary end point) was 23.1% (95% CI 13.5-35.2) in the L arm and 39.4% (95% CI 27.6-52.2) in the LE arm (P=0.044), while RBC-TI was reached in 13.8 and 24.2% of the patients in the L and LE arms, respectively (P=0.13). Median response duration was 18.1 and 15.1 months in the L and LE arms, respectively (P=0.47). Side effects were moderate and similar in the two arms. Low baseline serum EPO level and a G polymorphism of CRBN gene predicted HI-E. Combining LEN and EPO significantly improves erythroid response over LEN alone in lower-risk non-del5q MDS patients with anemia resistant to ESA.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.