Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26499822›Full record

SynthesisJournal of community health2016

A Review of Drowning Prevention Interventions for Children and Young People in High, Low and Middle Income Countries.

Justine E Leavy, Gemma Crawford, Francene Leaversuch, Lauren Nimmo, Kahlia McCausland, Jonine Jancey

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of community health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  18. Preventing Child Drowning in Indonesia: A Community-Informed Health Promotion Perspective.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Justine E LeavyCollaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. j.leavy@curtin.edu.au.
Gemma CrawfordCollaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. g.crawford@curtin.edu.au.
Francene LeaversuchCollaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. francene.leaversuch@curtin.edu.au.
Lauren NimmoHealth Promotion and Research, The Royal Life Saving Society (Western Australia Inc.), PO Box 28, Floreat Forum, WA, 6014, Australia. lnimmo@rlsswa.com.au.
Kahlia McCauslandCollaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. kahlia.mccausland@curtin.edu.au.
Jonine JanceyCollaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. j.jancey@curtin.edu.au.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Globally, drowning is one of the ten leading causes of child mortality. Children aged <5 years are particularly at risk, and children and young people continue to be overrepresented in drowning statistics. Accordingly, evidence informed interventions to prevent children drowning are of global importance. This review aimed to identify, assess and analyse public health interventions to reduce child drowning and investigate the use of behavioural theories and evaluation frameworks to guide child drowning prevention. Thirteen databases were searched for relevant peer reviewed articles. The systematic review was guided by the PRISMA criteria and registered with PROSPERO. Fifteen articles were included in the final review. Studies were delivered in high, middle and low income countries. Intervention designs varied, one-third of studies targeted children under five. Almost half of the studies relied on education and information to reduce drowning deaths, only three studies used a multi-strategy approach. Minimal use of behavioural theories and/or frameworks was found and just one-third of the studies described formative evaluation. This review reveals an over reliance on education and information as a strategy to prevent drowning, despite evidence for comprehensive multi-strategy approaches. Accordingly, interventions must be supported that use a range of strategies, are shaped by theory and planning and evaluation frameworks, and are robust in intervention design, delivery and evaluation methodology. This approach will provide sound evidence that can be disseminated to inform future practice and policy for drowning prevention.

Indexed as

Developed CountriesDeveloping CountriesAdolescentChildDrowningHumansYoung AdultAdolescentsBehavioural theoryChildrenDrowning preventionEvaluationHigh incomeLow and middle incomeReviewYoung people

Identifiers

PMID26499822

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.