ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2016
Macrophage Polarization and Bone Formation: A review.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydrogel coatings for titanium implants: From smart stimuli-responsive strategies to multimodal bone regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Therapeutic strategy for exosome-based bone regeneration to osteoporosis: Challenges and potential solutions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Engineering Osteoimmune Responses with Functionalized Orthopedic Implants for Post-Operative Osteosarcoma Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Advances of piezoelectric biomaterials in bone defect repair: The role of direct and inverse piezoelectric effect.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- Beyond M1/M2: The Pivotal Role of Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming in Chronic Bone Disease and Targeted Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Osteoimmune Axis: Immune-Mechanical Crosstalk in Periodontal Bone Remodeling.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Aging-Driven Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: From Immunometabolic Drift to Multisystem Frailty.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- The impact of dyslipidemia on skeletal health - from an immunoregulatory perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of macrophages in osteoporosis: from polarization balance to targeted regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ubiquitin-proteasome system regulation of bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteoporosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Targeting macrophage-mediated TGF-β/BMP signaling in ankylosing spondylitis: from inflammation to pathological bone formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Osteoimmunology: interactions of the bone and immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming, macrophage polarization, and intercellular crosstalk in pelvic inflammatory disease: emerging paradigms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From mechanical force to cellular response: the role of autophagy in orthodontic tooth movement.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Microenvironment-responsive hydrogels for spatiotemporal delivery of epigallocatechin gallate and BMP-2 to promote osteoporotic bone defect repair.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Periodontal ligament stem cells in tissue remodeling: from mechanical forces to inflammatory signals.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- M2c Macrophages Mediate YAP1 to Promote Vascularized Bone Regeneration in Distraction Osteogenesis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- B10 cell-induced PD-L1/PD-1-linked macrophage polarization in periodontitis.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2025Article
- Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel microspheres with multi-responsive properties for antibacterial therapy and bone regeneration inMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Cell communication and relevant signaling pathways in osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling.Bone research · 2025Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The contribution of inflammation to bone loss is well documented in arthritis and other diseases with an emphasis on how inflammatory cytokines promote osteoclastogenesis. Macrophages are the major producers of cytokines in inflammation, and the factors they produce depend upon their activation state or polarization. In recent years, it has become apparent that macrophages are also capable of interacting with osteoblasts and their mesenchymal precursors. This interaction provides growth and differentiation factors from one cell that act on the other and visa versa-a concept akin to the requirement for a feeder layer to grow hemopoietic cells or the coupling that occurs between osteoblasts and osteoclasts to maintain bone homeostasis. Alternatively, activated macrophages are the most likely candidates to promote bone formation and have also been implicated in the tissue repair process in other tissues. In bone, a number of factors, including oncostatin M, have been shown to promote osteoblast formation both in vitro and in vivo. This review discusses the different cell types involved, cellular mediators, and how this can be used to direct new bone anabolic approaches.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.