ReviewEuropean radiology2016
Incidentally detected non-palpable testicular tumours in adults at scrotal ultrasound: impact of radiological findings on management Radiologic review and recommendations of the ESUR scrotal imaging subcommittee.
Review in European radiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of the radiologist in the evaluation of male infertility: recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology-Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for scrotal imaging.European radiology · 2025Guideline
- Varicocele repair for severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia: Scoping review of published guidelines, and systematic review of the literature.Arab journal of urology · 2025Pooled it
- Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations.Journal of ultrasound · 2020Pooled it
- Multiparametric Ultrasound for Characterisation of Testicular Lesions: Beyond Orchiectomy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A sound approach to stay on the ball-a review of scrotal pathologies on ultrasound imaging.The British journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Testicular mass frozen section examination: Pathological insights and diagnostic accuracy.Histopathology · 2026Article
- Colour Doppler Ultrasonography in the Assessment of Intratesticular Lesions: Influence of Lesion Size and Vascular Pattern.Cancers · 2026Article
- A pure intertubular testicular seminoma mimicking a burned-out tumor: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- First application of three-dimensional light sheet fluorescence microscopy to human testicular tumors: New perspectives in histopathology.Andrology · 2025Article
- Are young men attempting to achieve paternity through intracytoplasmic sperm injection candidates for general health screenings?International journal of impotence research · 2025Article
- Future prospects for the advancement of treatment of men with NOA: focus on gene editing, artificial sperm, stem cells, and use of imaging.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- A review of multiparametric ultrasound imaging in the clinical setting: scrotal contents.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Review
- Follow-up of non-palpable testicular incidentalomas under 1 cm: does growth rate differentiate malignant and non-malignant lesions?European radiology · 2025Observational
- An Insight into Testicular Macrocalcification-A Retrospective Study of 42 Cases on a Rare Sonographic Finding.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Testicular Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound.Case reports in radiology · 2025Article
- Updates on Imaging of Common Urogenital Neoplasms.Cancers · 2024Article
- Discriminating Malignant from Benign Testicular Masses Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-A Prospective Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and management of indeterminate testicular lesions.Nature reviews. Urology · 2024Review
- Multiparametric Ultrasound for Diagnosing Testicular Lesions: Everything You Need to Know in Daily Clinical Practice.Cancers · 2023Review
- Testicular Evaluation Using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) in Patients with Varicocele.Journal of imaging · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 12 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe increasing detection of small testicular lesions by ultrasound (US) in adults can lead to unnecessary orchiectomies. This article describes their nature, reviews the available literature on this subject and illustrates some classical lesions. We also suggest recommendations to help characterization and management.
methodsThe ESUR scrotal imaging subcommittee searched for original and review articles published before May 2015 using the Pubmed and Medline databases. Key words used were 'testicular ultrasound', 'contrast-enhanced sonography', 'sonoelastography', 'magnetic resonance imaging', 'testis-sparing surgery', 'testis imaging', 'Leydig cell tumour', 'testicular cyst'. Consensus was obtained amongst the members of the subcommittee, urologist and medical oncologist.
resultsSimple cysts are frequent and benign, and do not require follow up or surgery. Incidentally discovered small solid testicular lesions detected are benign in up to 80 %, with Leydig cell tumours being the most frequent. However, the presence of microliths, macrocalcifications and hypoechoic areas surrounding the nodule are findings suggestive of malignant disease.
conclusionAsymptomatic small testicular lesions found on ultrasound are mainly benign, but findings such as microliths or hypoechoic regions surrounding the nodules may indicate malignancy. Colour Doppler US remains the basic examination for characterization. The role of newer imaging modalities in characterization is evolving. KEY POINTS: • Characterization of testicular lesions is primarily based on US examination. • The role of MRI, sonoelastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound is evolving. • Most small non-palpable testicular lesions seen on ultrasound are benign simple cysts. • Leydig cell tumours are the most frequent benign lesions. • Associated findings like microliths or hypoechoic regions may indicate malignancy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.