ArticleOncotarget2015
FN14 and GRP94 expression are prognostic/predictive biomarkers of brain metastasis outcome that open up new therapeutic strategies.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular and Clinicopathological Biomarkers Predicting Brain Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic value of RANK signalling in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- TWEAK/Fn14 Drives Tumor Progression and Is Associated With Poor Survival of Colorectal Liver Metastases With Replacement Growth Patterns.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- RANK is a poor prognosis marker and a therapeutic target in ER-negative postmenopausal breast cancer.EMBO molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Autophagy, molecular chaperones, and unfolded protein response as promoters of tumor recurrence.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- The biology and inhibition of glucose-regulated protein 94/gp96.Medicinal research reviews · 2022Review
- Pan-cancer analysis of the prevalence and associated factors of lung metastasis and the construction of the lung metastatic classification system.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- Targeting fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-inducible 14 (Fn14) for tumor therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Evaluation of Computationally Designed Peptides against TWEAK, a Cytokine of the Tumour Necrosis Factor Ligand Family.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Molecular Chaperone GRP94/GP96 in Cancers: Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Target.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Brain Metastasis Cell Lines Panel: A Public Resource of Organotropic Cell Lines.Cancer research · 2020Review
- GRP94 promotes brain metastasis by engaging pro-survival autophagy.Neuro-oncology · 2020Article
- Bisubstrate-Type Chemical Probes Identify GRP94 as a Potential Target of Cytosine-Containing Adenosine Analogs.ACS chemical biology · 2020Article
- Review
- GRP94 Is Involved in the Lipid Phenotype of Brain Metastatic Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Molecular and cellular stratagem of brain metastases associated with melanoma.Oncology letters · 2019Review
- Co-downregulation of GRP78 and GRP94 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration in Prostate Cancer Cells.Open life sciences · 2019Article
- Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 Modulates the Response of Osteosarcoma to Chemotherapy.Disease markers · 2019Article
- The Evolving Landscape of Brain Metastasis.Trends in cancer · 2018Review
- Therapy of breast cancer brain metastases: challenges, emerging treatments and perspectives.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a devastating problem in patients with breast, lung and melanoma tumors. GRP94 and FN14 are predictive biomarkers over-expressed in primary breast carcinomas that metastasized in brain. To further validate these brain metastasis biomarkers, we performed a multicenter study including 318 patients with breast carcinomas. Among these patients, there were 138 patients with metastasis, of whom 84 had brain metastasis. The likelihood of developing brain metastasis increased by 5.24-fold (95%CI 2.83-9.71) and 2.55- (95%CI 1.52-4.3) in the presence of FN14 and GRP94, respectively. Moreover, FN14 was more sensitive than ErbB2 (38.27 vs. 24.68) with similar specificity (89.43 vs. 89.55) to predict brain metastasis and had identical prognostic value than triple negative patients (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we used GRP94 and FN14 pathways and GUILD, a network-based disease-gene prioritization program, to pinpoint the genes likely to be therapeutic targets, which resulted in FN14 as the main modulator and thalidomide as the best scored drug. The treatment of mice with brain metastasis improves survival decreasing reactive astrocytes and angiogenesis, and down-regulate FN14 and its ligand TWEAK. In conclusion our results indicate that FN14 and GRP94 are prediction/prognosis markers which open up new possibilities for preventing/treating brain metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.