ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2016
Parallels with the Female Athlete Triad in Male Athletes.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 205 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport.British journal of sports medicine · 2020Guideline
- A review of the ketogenic diet for endurance athletes: performance enhancer or placebo effect?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Energy availability as an integrative framework: reinterpreting the energy balance and carbohydrate-insulin models in athletes.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- Testosterone status and bone mineral density in Finnish male endurance athletes: Baseline associations and 1-year follow-up.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Ageing, Sex Differences, and REDs Risk in Endurance Runners: An Integrated Cross-Sectional Study Protocol.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rethinking Energy Availability from Conceptual Models to Applied Practice: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Wearable technology for athletes: material innovations, performance monitoring, and emerging paradigms.Mikrochimica acta · 2026Review
- Underfueled and overloaded: association between low energy availability symptoms and current self-reported injury status in climbers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Circulating sex hormones, specifically estrogen in females and testosterone in males, are associated with ambient environmental temperature during prolonged physical training.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Article
- A community-based educational initiative to support awareness of relative energy deficiency in sport among adolescent athletes.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Pharmacological vs. Non-Pharmacological Treatment in the Management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Elite collegiate swimmers do not meet sport nutrition recommendations during heavy training: effects of sex and within-day nutrient timing.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Article
- Current Perspectives on Protein Supplementation in Athletes: General Guidance and Special Considerations for Diabetes-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Dietary Protein Intake and Its Associations With Bone Properties Using Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Endurance-Trained Individuals.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluatıon of eatıng attıtudes and obsessıon wıth healthy eatıng of apprentıce jockeys and wrestlers.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Male Endurance Athletes: Examination of Energy and Carbohydrate Availability and Hormone Responses.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Identifying and Analyzing Low Energy Availability in Athletes: The Role of Biomarkers and Red Blood Cell Turnover.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Article
- Changes of bone turnover markers and testosterone in Japanese male endurance runners: a pilot study.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2023Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Participation in sports offers many health benefits to athletes of both sexes. However, subsets of both female and male athletes are at increased risk of impaired bone health and bone stress injuries. The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is defined as the interrelationship of low energy availability (with or without disordered eating), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density. The Triad may result in health consequences, including bone stress injuries. Our review presents evidence that an analogous process may occur in male athletes. Our review of the available literature indicates that a subset of male athletes may experience adverse health issues that parallel those associated with the Triad, including low energy availability (with or without disordered eating), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and low bone mineral density. Consequently, male athletes may be predisposed to developing bone stress injuries, and these injuries can be the first presenting feature of associated Triad conditions. We discuss the evidence for impaired nutrition, hormonal dysfunction, and low bone mineral density in a subset of male athletes, and how these health issues may parallel those of the Triad. With further research into the mechanisms and outcomes of these health concerns in active and athletic men, evidence-based guidelines can be developed that result in best practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.