SynthesisMedicine2015
Diagnostic Accuracy of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, FI, King, Lok, Forns, and FibroIndex Scores in Predicting the Presence of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02593799 (Non-invasive Prediction of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Non-invasive Prediction of Esophageal Varices in Liver Cirrhosis: A Multicenter Observational Study
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Computed tomographyWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2020Pooled it
- Spleen Stiffness Is Superior to Liver Stiffness for Predicting Esophageal Varices in Chronic Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Predictive value of FSH, testicular volume, and histopathological findings for the sperm retrieval rate of microdissection TESE in nonobstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis.Asian journal of andrologyPooled it
- Noninvasive predictors of clinically significant portal hypertension in NASH cirrhosis: Validation of ANTICIPATE models and development of a lab-based model.Hepatology communications · 2022Trial
- Plateletcrit and Mean Platelet Volume in the Evaluation of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients.BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- Magnetic Resonance Elastography Shear Wave Velocity Correlates with Liver Fibrosis and Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient in Adults with Advanced Liver Disease.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tools to detect esophageal varices keeping esophagogastroduodenoscopy as gold standard in patients with compensated chronic liver disease.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Association between Lok index and all-cause mortality among sepsis patients in critical care: insights from the MIMIC-IV database.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A non-invasive nomogram for high-risk esophageal varices in cirrhosis without transient elastography: development and internal validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Establishment and validation of a nomogram for predicting esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Poor Abilities of Noninvasive Biomarkers to Assess Esophagogastric Varices and Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy.Biomarker insights · 2025Article
- Clinical Value of APRI and FIB-4 on Bleeding Risk and 30-Day Prognosis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Complicated with Esophagogastric Varices.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Association between Helicobacter pylori infection, MASLD, and liver fibrosis in patients with severe obesity: a single-center experience.Surgical endoscopy · 2024Article
- Article
- Utility of a score-based approach to liver assessment in heart transplant candidates.JHLT open · 2024Article
- Non-invasive Fibrosis Markers for Predicting Esophageal Varices: A Potential Alternative to Endoscopic Screening.Cureus · 2024Article
- Article
- Automated Multimodal Machine Learning for Esophageal Variceal Bleeding Prediction Based on Endoscopy and Structured Data.Journal of digital imaging · 2023Article
- How effective are APRI, FIB-4, FIB-5 scores in predicting liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients?Medicine · 2022Article
- Use of biochemical parameters for non-invasive screening of oesophageal varices in comparison to elastography-based approach in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease.Biochemia medica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio (APRI), aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), FIB-4, FI, King, Lok, Forns, and FibroIndex scores may be simple and convenient noninvasive diagnostic tests, because they are based on the regular laboratory tests and demographic data. This study aimed to systematically evaluate their diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of varices in liver cirrhosis.All relevant papers were searched via PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUSROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (PLR and NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated.Overall, 12, 4, 5, 0, 0, 4, 3, and 1 paper was identified to explore the diagnostic accuracy of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, FI, King, Lok, Forns, and FibroIndex scores, respectively. The AUSROCs of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, Lok, and Forns scores for the prediction of varices were 0.6774, 0.7275, 0.7755, 0.7885, and 0.7517, respectively; and those for the prediction of large varices were 0.7278, 0.7448, 0.7095, 0.7264, and 0.6530, respectively. The diagnostic threshold effects of FIB-4 and Forns scores for the prediction of varices were statistically significant. The sensitivities/specificities/PLRs/NLRs/DORs of APRI, AAR, and Lok scores for the prediction of varices were 0.60/0.67/1.77/0.58/3.13, 0.64/0.63/1.97/0.54/4.18, and 0.74/0.68/2.34/0.40/5.76, respectively. The sensitivities/specificities/PLRs/NLRs/DORs of APRI, AAR, FIB-4, Lok, and Forns scores for the prediction of large varices were 0.65/0.66/2.15/0.47/4.97, 0.68/0.58/2.07/0.54/3.93, 0.62/0.64/2.02/0.56/3.57, 0.78/0.63/2.09/0.37/5.55, and 0.65/0.61/1.62/0.59/2.75, respectively.APRI, AAR, FIB-4, Lok, and Forns scores had low to moderate diagnostic accuracy in predicting the presence of varices in liver cirrhosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.