ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2015
Evaluation of Face Lift Skin Perfusion and Epinephrine Effect Using Laser Fluorescence Imaging.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methods for Minimizing Bleeding in Facelift Surgery: An Evidence-based Review.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2021Article
- Clinical Evaluation of 225 Sub-SMAS Facelifts with No Temporal Incision.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2020Article
- Response to "Lessons Learned from a National Cosmetic Surgery Insurance Database".Aesthetic surgery journal · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledFace lift dissections are believed to compromise skin flap circulation, possibly leading to wound healing complications. To reduce blood loss, plastic surgeons commonly inject a solution of local anesthetic that contains epinephrine. However, the effect of surgery on skin perfusion and the degree of vasoconstriction caused by the epinephrine have not been quantitated. Little information is available to guide the selection of epinephrine concentration.
methodsNine consecutive patients undergoing a deep-plane face lift were asked to participate in this prospective study. All patients consented (inclusion rate, 100%). The SPY Elite Intraoperative Perfusion System was used to quantitate perfusion. Measurements were made at 5 sites on both sides of the face and the neck. A nondissected temple site served as a reference. Three patients received no epinephrine in their local anesthetic solution, 3 patients received 1:800,000 epinephrine, and 3 patients were injected with 1:300,000 epinephrine.
resultsAll 9 patients were female nonsmokers. There was no reduction in skin perfusion measurements after surgery. In patients treated with 1:800,000 and 1:300,000 epinephrine, 4 sites showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased perfusion compared with the no-epinephrine group. Combined perfusion data were almost 50% reduced, but the difference was nonsignificant, likely because of the small sample sizes. One patient developed a hematoma. Two of the 3 patients who received no epinephrine developed extensive bruising.
conclusionsA deep-plane face lift dissection does not impair skin flap perfusion. Both 1:300,000 epinephrine and 1:800,000 epinephrine concentrations are effective in producing intraoperative vasoconstriction.
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Registered trials
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