ArticleCognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience2016
The neural circuitry supporting goal maintenance during cognitive control: a comparison of expectancy AX-CPT and dot probe expectancy paradigms.
Article in Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Delay knowledge and trial set count modulate use of proactive versus reactive control: A meta-analytic review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2018Pooled it
- Dose-dependent power and connectivity modulation of low frequency oscillations through transcranial magnetic stimulation in non-human primates.Journal of neural engineering · 2026Article
- Spectral and non-spectral EEG measures in the prediction of working memory task performance and psychopathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advancing Understanding of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia With Psychosis Using a Novel Dynamic Reward Task.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent power and connectivity modulation of low frequency oscillations through transcranial magnetic stimulation in non-human primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neuromodulation of prefrontal cortex promotes deep processing during language comprehension: a tDCS/EEG study.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cognitive Functioning in Females with Endometriosis-Associated Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Literature Review.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2025Review
- Neural Mechanisms Supporting the Relationship between Working Memory Capacity and Proactive Control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- cpCST: a new continuous performance test for high-precision assessment of attention across the lifespan.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The effect of high-frequency rTMS over left DLPFC and fluid abilities on goal neglect.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Article
- Biomarkers for Cognitive Control, Response Inhibition, Aggressivity, Impulsivity, and Violence.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Categorical and dimensional aspects of stimulant medication effects in adult patients with ADHD and healthy controls.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Annual Research Review: Developmental pathways linking early behavioral inhibition to later anxiety.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2023Review
- Comparing the functional neuroanatomy of proactive and reactive control between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Using Nonhuman Primate Models to Reverse-Engineer Prefrontal Circuit Failure Underlying Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
- Cognitive [Computational] Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Serious Mental Illness (CNTRaCS) Consortium: Progress and Future Directions.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Cognitive and perceptual impairments in schizophrenia extend to other psychotic disorders but not schizotypy.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2022Article
- Developmental Changes in the Association Between Cognitive Control and Anxiety.Child psychiatry and human development · 2022Article
- Effects of HF-rTMS over the left and right DLPFC on proactive and reactive cognitive control.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Goal maintenance is an aspect of cognitive control that has been identified as critical for understanding psychopathology according to criteria of the NIMH-sponsored CNTRICS (Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) and Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiatives. CNTRICS proposed the expectancy AX-CPT, and its visual-spatial parallel the dot probe expectancy (DPX), as valid measures of the cognitive and neural processes thought to be relevant for goal maintenance. The goal of this study was to specifically examine the functional neural correlates and connectivity patterns of both goal maintenance tasks in the same subset of subjects to further validate their neural construct validity and clarify our understanding of the nature and function of the neural circuitry engaged by the tasks. Twenty-six healthy control subjects performed both the letter (AX) and dot pattern (DPX) variants of the CPT during fMRI. Behavioral performance was similar between tasks. The 2 tasks engaged the same brain networks including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal parietal regions, supporting their validity as complementary measures of the goal maintenance construct. Interestingly there was greater engagement of the frontal opercular insula region during the expectancy AX-CPT (letter) and greater functional connectivity between the PFC and medial temporal lobe in the DPX (dot pattern). These differences are consistent with differential recruitment of phonological and visual-spatial processes by the two tasks and suggest that additional long-term memory systems may be engaged by the dot probe version.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.