ArticleThe European respiratory journal2015
Lung function in children in relation to ethnicity, physique and socioeconomic factors.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guideline
- Development and validation of a prediction model for fat mass in children and adolescents: meta-analysis using individual participant data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Pooled it
- Socioeconomic circumstances and respiratory function from childhood to early adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Lung Function Trajectories After Preterm Birth: A Life-Course Approach to Age-Specific Monitoring.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fine-scale population structure and widespread conservation of genetic effect sizes between human groups across traits.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Perspectives on Using Race in Pulmonary Function Testing: A National Survey Fellows and Program Directors.Respiratory care · 2024Article
- Association Between Lung Function of Children and Their Socioeconomic Conditions: A Systematic Review.International journal of general medicine · 2024Review
- Trend and heterogeneity in forced vital capacity among Chinese students during 1985-2019: results from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Diagnostic Impact of a Race-Composite Pulmonary Function Test Results Interpretation Strategy.Chest · 2023Article
- Difficult-to-treat asthma patients from ethnic minority groups in central England are at an enhanced risk of house dust mite sensitisation.Clinical and translational allergy · 2023Article
- Race-specific spirometry equations may overestimate asthma control in Black children and adolescents.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Race and Ethnicity in Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation: An Official American Thoracic Society Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Normal values of respiratory oscillometry in South African children and adolescents.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Comparison of Lung Function in Healthy Nigerian Children Living in Nigeria and in the United Kingdom.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Is There a Role for Using Race-Specific Reference Equations? Yes and No.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Reconsidering the Utility of Race-Specific Lung Function Prediction Equations.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Observational
- Addressing Race in Pulmonary Function Testing by Aligning Intent and Evidence With Practice and Perception.Chest · 2022Review
- What is the potential for over-compression using current paediatric chest compression guidelines? - A chest computed tomography study.Resuscitation plus · 2021Article
- Article
- Associations of extracurricular physical activity patterns and body composition components in a multi-ethnic population of UK children (the Size and Lung Function in Children study): a multilevel modelling analysis.BMC public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Can ethnic differences in spirometry be attributed to differences in physique and socioeconomic factors?Assessments were undertaken in 2171 London primary schoolchildren on two occasions 1 year apart, whenever possible, as part of the Size and Lung function In Children (SLIC) study. Measurements included spirometry, detailed anthropometry, three-dimensional photonic scanning for regional body shape, body composition, information on ethnic ancestry, birth and respiratory history, socioeconomic circumstances, and tobacco smoke exposure.Technically acceptable spirometry was obtained from 1901 children (mean (range) age 8.3 (5.2-11.8) years, 46% boys, 35% White, 29% Black-African origin, 24% South-Asian, 12% Other/mixed) on 2767 test occasions. After adjusting for sex, age and height, forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 1.32, 0.89 and 0.51 z-score units lower in Black-African origin, South-Asian and Other/mixed ethnicity children, respectively, when compared with White children, with similar decrements for forced vital capacity (p<0.001 for all). Although further adjustment for sitting height and chest width reduced differences attributable to ethnicity by up to 16%, significant differences persisted after adjusting for all potential determinants, including socioeconomic circumstances.Ethnic differences in spirometric lung function persist despite adjusting for a wide range of potential determinants, including body physique and socioeconomic circumstances, emphasising the need to use ethnic-specific equations when interpreting results.
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Registered trials
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