ArticleBMC family practice2015
Measuring empathic, person-centred communication in primary care nurses: validity and reliability of the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure.
Article in BMC family practice, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Burnout syndrome and its prevalence in primary care nursing: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC family practice · 2018Pooled it
- An interdisciplinary intervention for children and adolescents with multiple referrals and complex health complaints: a feasibility study.BMC health services research · 2023Trial
- The Effect of Robot Attentional Behaviors on User Perceptions and Behaviors in a Simulated Health Care Interaction: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- Longitudinal and Multimodal Recording System to Capture Real-World Patient-Clinician Conversations for AI and Encounter Research: Protocol for an Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- The Compassionate HEART Patient Questionnaire: Validation and Reliability of a Novel Measure of Relationship-Centered Care.Journal of patient-centered research and reviews · 2026Article
- Collecting and Sharing Person-Centered AI Clinical Summaries Across Frailty Services Provided by the National Health Service and Voluntary, Community, and Social Enterprise: Protocol for a Co-Design and Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Empathy Using the Vocals of Mental Health Helpline Counselors: Algorithm Development and Validation.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- How do patient and practitioner characteristics influence empathy in healthcare? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A Motivational Interviewing Chatbot With Generative Reflections for Increasing Readiness to Quit Smoking: Iterative Development Study.JMIR mental health · 2023Article
- Students' self-perception of empathy in caring.Curationis · 2023Article
- From patient outcomes to system change: Evaluating the impact of VHA's implementation of the Whole Health System of Care.Health services research · 2022Article
- Validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- Arabic Validity of the (CARE) Measure for Improving Medical and Mental Health Services.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- How are emotional distress and reassurance expressed in medical consultations for people with long-term conditions who were unable to receive curative treatment? A pilot observational study with huntington's disease and prostate cancer.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2021Article
- Bridging the Gap for Children With Compound Health Challenges: An Intervention Protocol.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Exploring the psychometric properties of the Working Alliance Inventory in general practice: a cross-sectional study.BJGP open · 2021Article
- Relationship Between Orthopedic Surgeon's Empathy and Inpatient Hospital Experience Scores in a Tertiary Care Academic Institution.Journal of patient experience · 2020Article
- Five Golden Rings to Measure Patient-Centered Care in Rheumatology.Arthritis care & research · 2020Review
- Measurement of Perceived Physician Empathy in Orthopedic Patients.Journal of patient experience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmpathic patient-centred care is central to high quality health encounters. The Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) Measure is a patient-rated experience measure of the interpersonal quality of healthcare encounters. The measure has been extensively validated and is widely used by doctors in primary care but has not been validated in nursing. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the CARE Measure in routine nurse consultations in primary care.
methodsSeventeen nurses from nine general medical practices located in three Scottish Health Boards participated in the study. Consecutive patients (aged 16 years or older) were asked to self-complete a questionnaire containing the CARE Measure immediately after their clinical encounter with the nurse. Statistical analysis included Spearman's correlation and principal component analysis (construct validity), Cronbach's alpha (internal consistency), and Generalisability theory (inter-rater reliability).
resultsA total of 774 patients (327 male and 447 female) completed the questionnaire. Almost three out of four patients (73 %) felt that the CARE Measure items were very important to their current consultation. The number of 'not applicable' responses and missing values were low overall (5.7 and 1.6 % respectively). The mean CARE Measure score in the consultations was 45.9 and 48 % achieved the maximum possible score of 50. CARE Measure scores correlated in predicted ways with overall satisfaction and patient enablement in support of convergent and divergent validity. Factor analysis found that the CARE Measure items loaded highly onto a single factor. The measure showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.97) and acceptable inter-rater reliability (G = 0.6 with 60 patients ratings per nurse). The scores were not affected by patients' age, gender, self-perceived overall health, living arrangements, employment status or language spoken at home.
conclusionsThe CARE Measure has high face and construct validity, and internal reliability in nurse consultations in primary care. Its ability to discriminate between nurses is sufficient for educational and quality improvement purposes.
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