ArticleExperimental & molecular medicine2015
Pycnogenol attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism through the TLR4-NF-κB pathway.
Article in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phytotherapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of pycnogenol: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anticancer effects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Christensenella tenuis alleviates endotoxemia and metabolic disorders via inhibition of intestinal lipopolysaccharide translocation.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Recombinant high-density lipoprotein targeted delivery of celastrol to promote foam cells lipophagy against early atherosclerosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Effect of Pycnogenol® on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Rats.The journal of international advanced otology · 2025Article
- Neurodevelopmental disorders and gut-brain interactions: exploring the therapeutic potential of pycnogenol through microbial-metabolic-neural networks.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- TRIM64 promotes ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation, pyroptosis, and inflammation in THP-1-derived macrophages by activating a feedback loop with NF-κB via IκBα ubiquitination.Cell biology and toxicology · 2023Article
- Spleen Toxicity of Organophosphorus Flame Retardant TDCPP in Mice and the Related Mechanisms.Toxics · 2023Article
- Supervillin Contributes to LPS-induced Inflammatory Response in THP-1 Cell-derived Macrophages.Inflammation · 2022Article
- Amelioration of Hepatic Encephalopathy UsingBioMed research international · 2021Article
- Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Injury by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Extract of high hydrostatic pressure-treated danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) ameliorates atherosclerosis via autophagy induction.BMB reports · 2020Article
- Protective effect of rivaroxaban on arteriosclerosis obliterans in rats through modulation of the toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2019Article
- Article
- Ursolic Acid Attenuates Atherosclerosis in ApoEMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- DFMG reverses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by co-culture with injured vascular endothelial cells via suppression of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Pycnogenol® Induces Browning of White Adipose Tissue through the PKA Signaling Pathway in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Article
- Protective effect of ginsenoside Rh3 against anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 kidney cells.Journal of ginseng research · 2017Article
- Dihydrotanshinone I Attenuates Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice: Role of NOX4/NF-κB Mediated Lectin-Like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 (LOX-1) of the Endothelium.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide and is characterized by lipid-laden foam cell formation. Recently, pycnogenol (PYC) has drawn much attention because of its prominent effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its protective effect against atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here PYC treatment reduced areas of plaque and lipid deposition in atherosclerotic mice, concomitant with decreases in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increases in HDL cholesterol levels, indicating a potential antiatherosclerotic effect of PYC through the regulation of lipid levels. Additionally, PYC preconditioning markedly decreased foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human THP-1 monocytes. A mechanistic analysis indicated that PYC decreased the lipid-related protein expression of adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) and adipocyte lipid-binding protein (ALBP/aP2) in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis confirmed that PYC attenuated LPS-induced lipid droplet formation via ADRP and ALBP expression through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, because pretreatment with anti-TLR4 antibody or a specific inhibitor of NF-κB (PDTC) strikingly mitigated the LPS-induced increase in ADRP and ALBP. Together, our results provide insight into the ability of PYC to attenuate bacterial infection-triggered pathological processes associated with atherosclerosis. Thus PYC may be a potential lead compound for the future development of antiatherosclerotic CVD therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.