ArticlePsychological medicine2016
Characterizing social environment's association with neurocognition using census and crime data linked to the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex Differences in Psychopathology and Neurocognition in Community Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- White matter reflects the childhood exposome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatial heterogeneity and subtypes of functional connectivity development in youth.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multilevel Correlates of Youth Delinquent Behaviors: An Exploratory Analysis of Socioeconomic Context, Psychological Traits, and Task-Based Neural Activation in the ABCD Study.Social science insights and applications · 2025Article
- Mediating Role of Trauma Connecting Psychiatric Family History and Adolescent Mental Health.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- The Influence of Pandemic-Related Worries During Pregnancy on Child Development at 12 Months.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Human thalamocortical structural connectivity develops in line with a hierarchical axis of cortical plasticity.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Prediction of Adolescent Suicide Attempt by Integrating Clinical, Neurocognitive and Geocoded Neighborhood Environment Data.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Delineating the Transmission of Subthreshold Psychosis Symptoms Across Generations: The Philadelphia Family Neurodevelopmental Cohort.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Development of Neurocognitive Functioning and Gray Matter Volume in Youths With Recurrent Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Environmental Adversity Is Associated With Attenuated Positive Symptoms and Complex Cognition in a Long-term Follow-up of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Deep learning reveals that multidimensional social status drives population variation in 11,875 US participant cohort.PloS one · 2025Article
- A sensorimotor-association axis of thalamocortical connection development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Validation of the structured interview section of the penn computerized adaptive test for neurocognitive and clinical psychopathology assessment (CAT GOASSESS).Psychiatry research · 2024Article
- Validation of the cognitive section of the Penn computerized adaptive test for neurocognitive and clinical psychopathology assessment (CAT-CCNB).Brain and cognition · 2024Article
- Risk and Resilience Measures Related to Psychopathology in Youth.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Article
- The impact of postpartum social support on postpartum mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.Archives of women's mental health · 2023Article
- Development of Iron Status Measures during Youth: Associations with Sex, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Structure.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Association of Neighborhood Deprivation With Cognitive and Mood Outcomes in Adults With Pharmacoresistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.Neurology · 2023Article
- Pathways link environmental and genetic factors with structural brain networks and psychopathology in youth.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe contribution of 'environment' has been investigated across diverse and multiple domains related to health. However, in the context of large-scale genomic studies the focus has been on obtaining individual-level endophenotypes with environment left for future decomposition. Geo-social research has indicated that environment-level variables can be reduced, and these composites can then be used with other variables as intuitive, precise representations of environment in research.
methodUsing a large community sample (N = 9498) from the Philadelphia area, participant addresses were linked to 2010 census and crime data. These were then factor analyzed (exploratory factor analysis; EFA) to arrive at social and criminal dimensions of participants' environments. These were used to calculate environment-level scores, which were merged with individual-level variables. We estimated an exploratory multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) exploring associations among environment- and individual-level variables in diverse communities.
resultsThe EFAs revealed that census data was best represented by two factors, one socioeconomic status and one household/language. Crime data was best represented by a single crime factor. The MSEM variables had good fit (e.g. comparative fit index = 0.98), and revealed that environment had the largest association with neurocognitive performance (β = 0.41, p < 0.0005), followed by parent education (β = 0.23, p < 0.0005).
conclusionsEnvironment-level variables can be combined to create factor scores or composites for use in larger statistical models. Our results are consistent with literature indicating that individual-level socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. race and gender) and aspects of familial social capital (e.g. parental education) have statistical relationships with neurocognitive performance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.