ArticleNature protocols2015
Whole-body tissue stabilization and selective extractions via tissue-hydrogel hybrids for high-resolution intact circuit mapping and phenotyping.
Article in Nature protocols, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers.
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Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 270 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Advances in Optical Tissue Clearing for Three-Dimensional Ocular Imaging and Analysis.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- 3D vascular mapping reveals multi-organ injury following severe acute pancreatitis.Theranostics · 2026Article
- 3D immunolabelling of human aortic valves by optimized CUBIC tissue clearing and its application for neural mapping in aortic stenosis.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Current progress of labeling strategies in tissue clearing for large-scale biological visualization.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
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- Next-generation hybridization chain reaction tools with enhanced sensitivities to detect challenging targets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Optimization of Tissue Clearing Methods and Imaging Conditions for 3D Visualization of the Vasculature of the Adult Murine Knee.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Progress on three-dimensional visualizing skin architecture with multiple immunofluorescence staining and tissue-clearing approaches.Histology and histopathology · 2025Review
- A novel workflow for multi-modal imaging of musculoskeletal tissues.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- Application of HEMA-AAm copolymer to achieve faster optical tissue transparency for 2D/3D fluorescence imaging.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A multiwell plate approach to increase the sample throughput during tissue clearing.Nature protocols · 2025Review
- Transcriptional determinants of goal-directed learning and representational drift in the parahippocampal cortex.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Rapid and efficient optical tissue clearing for volumetric imaging of the intact and injured spinal cord in mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To facilitate fine-scale phenotyping of whole specimens, we describe here a set of tissue fixation-embedding, detergent-clearing and staining protocols that can be used to transform excised organs and whole organisms into optically transparent samples within 1-2 weeks without compromising their cellular architecture or endogenous fluorescence. PACT (passive CLARITY technique) and PARS (perfusion-assisted agent release in situ) use tissue-hydrogel hybrids to stabilize tissue biomolecules during selective lipid extraction, resulting in enhanced clearing efficiency and sample integrity. Furthermore, the macromolecule permeability of PACT- and PARS-processed tissue hybrids supports the diffusion of immunolabels throughout intact tissue, whereas RIMS (refractive index matching solution) grants high-resolution imaging at depth by further reducing light scattering in cleared and uncleared samples alike. These methods are adaptable to difficult-to-image tissues, such as bone (PACT-deCAL), and to magnified single-cell visualization (ePACT). Together, these protocols and solutions enable phenotyping of subcellular components and tracing cellular connectivity in intact biological networks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.