Observational studyClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2015
Specific CD4+ T-Cell Reactivity and Cytokine Release in Different Clinical Presentations of Leptospirosis.
Observational study in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytokine response in human leptospirosis with different clinical outcomes: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Immune mechanisms underlying endothelial and placental dysfunction in leptospirosis during pregnancy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Vaccination-Challenge Trials in Beagle Dogs Using Whole-CellPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Exposure to live saprophyticeLife · 2024Article
- Recombinant outer membrane protein Lipl41 fromIranian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Exposure to live saprophyticbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- IL-10 Deficiency Protects Hamsters fromInfection and immunity · 2022Article
- Going Micro in Leptospirosis Kidney Disease.Cells · 2022Review
- Can cytokines response play a role in the treatment of fatal leptospirosis?Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- GroEL protein of the Leptospira spp. interacts with host proteins and induces cytokines secretion on macrophages.BMC microbiology · 2021Article
- Do the Th17 Cells Play a Role in the Pathogenesis of Leptospirosis?The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2018Article
- Leptospirosis Pathophysiology: Into the Storm of Cytokines.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Inbred Rats as a Model to Study Persistent Renal Leptospirosis and Associated Cellular Immune Responsiveness.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- PathogenicOpen veterinary journal · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of leptospirosis are highly variable: from asymptomatic to severe and potentially fatal. The outcome of the disease is usually determined in the immunological phase, beginning in the second week of symptoms. The underlying mechanisms, predictive factors, and individual immune responses that contribute to clinical variations are not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the specifics of CD4(+) T-cell reactivity and cytokine release after stimulation with leptospiral antigens in patients with leptospirosis of different disease severities (patients with mild and severe symptoms) and in control subjects (with and without proven exposure to Leptospira). Whole-blood specimens were stimulated with Leptospira antigens in vitro. Subsequently, intracellular staining of cytokines was performed, and flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by CD4(+) T cells. The production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α by CD4(+) T cells after stimulation with leptospiral antigens was highest in patients with severe disease. In contrast, the ratio of IL-10 production to TNF-α production was higher in exposed subjects than in patients with mild and severe disease. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α may be useful markers of the severity of the immunological phase of leptospirosis. IL-10 production by T cells after antigen-specific stimulation may indicate a more successful downregulation of the inflammatory response and may contribute to an asymptomatic course of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.