ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2015
Quantitatively evaluating detoxification of the hepatotoxic microcystin-LR through the glutathione (GSH) pathway in SD rats.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biotransformation Is an Effective Mechanism for Modulating the Biological Toxicity of Nodularin (NODR).Toxins · 2026Article
- Female reproductive impacts of emerging cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom toxins.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Global Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Systems: Recent Advances, Human Health Risks, Mitigation, and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- Regulation Effectiveness and Mechanism of Biotransformation Pathway on the Toxicity of Microcystin-LR Target to Protein Phosphatase 2A.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
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- Microcystin Toxicokinetics, Molecular Toxicology, and Pathophysiology in Preclinical Rodent Models and Humans.Toxins · 2021Review
- Does the Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) Effectively Safeguard Lake Balaton from Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms?Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Molecular mechanism for the discrepant inhibition of microcystins on protein phosphatase 1.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Regulation on the toxicity of microcystin-LR target to protein phosphatase 1 by biotransformation pathway: effectiveness and mechanism.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- PARP1 Is Up-Regulated in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Tissues in the Presence of the Cyanobacterial Toxin Microcystin.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Molecular Mechanism for the Regulation of Microcystin Toxicity to Protein Phosphatase 1 by Glutathione Conjugation Pathway.BioMed research international · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) plays crucial roles in antioxidant defense and detoxification metabolism of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). However, the detoxification process of MC-LR in mammals remains largely unknown. This paper, for the first time, quantitatively analyzes MC-LR and its GSH pathway metabolites (MC-LR-GSH and MC-LR-Cys) in the liver of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat after MC-LR exposure. Rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.25 and 0.5 lethal dose 50 (LD50) of MC-LR with or without pretreatment of buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. The contents of MC-LR-GSH were relatively low during the experiment; however, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR reached as high as 6.65 in 0.5 LD50 group. These results demonstrated that MC-LR-GSH could be converted to MC-LR-Cys efficiently, and this metabolic rule was in agreement with the data of aquatic animals previously reported. MC-LR contents were much higher in BSO + MC-LR-treated groups than in the single MC-LR-treated groups. Moreover, the ratio of MC-LR-Cys to MC-LR decreased significantly after BSO pretreatment, suggesting that the depletion of GSH induced by BSO reduced the detoxification of MCs. Moreover, MC-LR remarkably induced liver damage, and the effects were more pronounced in BSO pretreatment groups. In conclusion, this study verifies the role of GSH in the detoxification of MC-LR and furthers our understanding of the biochemical mechanism for SD rats to counteract toxic cyanobacteria.
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