Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26489846›Full record

ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2015

Spontaneous penetration of gold nanoparticles through the blood brain barrier (BBB).

Hagit Sela, Hagit Cohen, Paz Elia, Raya Zach, Zeev Karpas, Yehuda Zeiri

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

56 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. The Role of Nanotechnology in Understanding the Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Hagit SelaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. hagitsel@post.bgu.ac.il.
Hagit CohenThe State of Israel Ministry of Health, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer-Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. hagitc@bgu.ac.il.
Paz EliaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. pazel@post.bgu.ac.il.
Raya ZachDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. raya970@gmail.com.
Zeev KarpasDepartment of Chemistry, NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva, 8419001, Israel. zeevkar44@gmail.com.
Yehuda ZeiriDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel. yehuda.zeiri@gmail.com.
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev · ILThe Technological College of Beer Sheva · IL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe blood brain barrier (BBB) controls the brain microenvironment and limits penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) by chemicals, thus creating an obstacle to many medical imaging and treatment procedures. Research efforts to identify viable routes of BBB penetration have focused on structures such as micelles, polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes as drug carriers, however, many of them failed to provide unequivocal proof of BBB penetration. Here we proved that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) penetrate the BBB in rats to reach brain regions.

resultsInjection of AuNPs to the abdominal cavity of rats resulted in levels of gold found in blood, urine, brain regions and body organs. After perfusion the concentration of gold in brain regions diminished dramatically indicating that most of the gold was in venous blood and not in the brain tissues. Injection of Na, K or Ca ion channel blockers reduced BBB penetration by half. A biological half-life of 12.9 ± 4.9 h was found for the gold nanoparticles. Possible mechanisms for the transport of AuNPs through the BBB are discussed.

conclusionsBBB penetration by AuNPs is spontaneous without the application of an external field. A major amount of gold resides in blood vessels therefore perfusion required. Ion channel blockers can be used to control the transport of AuNPs.

Indexed as

AnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierGoldKineticsLightMaleMetal NanoparticlesPerfusionRats, Sprague-DawleyTime FactorsGold

Identifiers

PMID26489846
PMCPMC4618365
OpenAlexW1789263766

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.