Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26489596›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2016

Risk factors associated with benzodiazepine use among people who inject drugs in an urban Canadian setting.

Devin Tucker, Kanna Hayashi, M-J Milloy, Seonaid Nolan, Huiru Dong, Thomas Kerr, Evan Wood

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Devin TuckerBritish Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Kanna HayashiBritish Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
M-J MilloyBritish Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Seonaid NolanBritish Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Huiru DongBritish Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Thomas KerrBritish Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Evan WoodBritish Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. Electronic address: uhri-ew@cfenet.ubc.ca.
University of British Columbia · CASt. Paul's Hospital · CA

Funding

Vancouver Drug Users Study: The Impacts of Evolving Drug Use Patterns on HIV/AIDSU01DA038886 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI DEBECK, KORA, HAYASHI, KANNA · 2015 to 2024
$12.1M
SYRINGE ACCESS AND RISK FACTORS ON HIV TRANSMISSIONR01DA011591 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI KERR, THOMAS · 1998 to 2014
$5.9M
Impacts of universal access to HIV/AIDS care among HIV+ injection drug usersR01DA021525 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI MILLOY, M-J · 2007 to 2016
$5.8M
Mentoring the next generation of addiction clinician scientists while responding to the opioid epidemicR25DA037756 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA · PI FAIRBAIRN, NADIA · 2014 to 2023
$3.6M
Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchNIDA NIH HHS R01 DA011591NIDA NIH HHS R01DA011591NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA021525NIDA NIH HHS R01DA021525NIDA NIH HHS R25 DA037756NIDA NIH HHS R25DA037758NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA038886NIDA NIH HHS U01DA038886
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThough known to have abuse potential, benzodiazepine medications remain widely prescribed. Furthermore, issues related to benzodiazepine use by people who inject drugs (PWID) remain to be fully characterized. We therefore sought to examine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with benzodiazepine use in a street-involved urban population.

methodsBetween May 1996 and November 2013, data were derived from two open prospective cohort studies in Vancouver, Canada, restricted to PWID. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used to determine factors independently associated with benzodiazepine use.

resultsOver the study period, 2806 individuals were recruited, including 949 (34%) women. Of these, 1080 (38.5%) participants reported benzodiazepine use at least once during the study period. In the multivariable analysis, Caucasian ethnicity, ≥ daily heroin injection, ≥ daily cocaine injection, non-fatal overdose, incarceration, syringe sharing, and unsafe sex were all independently associated with benzodiazepine use. Conversely, older age, homelessness, and ≥ daily crack smoking were negatively associated with benzodiazepine use.

conclusionsUse of benzodiazepines was common in this urban setting and was associated with several markers of addiction severity and significant health and social vulnerabilities including syringe sharing and unsafe sex. These findings underscore the need to promote treatment for benzodiazepine use, safer benzodiazepine prescribing, including greater recognition of the limited indications for evidence-based use of this medication class.

Indexed as

BenzodiazepinesIllicit DrugsAdultCanadaCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSeverity of Illness IndexSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurveys and QuestionnairesUrban PopulationBenzodiazepinesIllicit DrugsBenzodiazepineDiversionOverdosePrescription drug misuse

Identifiers

PMID26489596
PMCPMC4644450
OpenAlexW2125710006

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.