ReviewAnnual review of microbiology2015
Interactions Between the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Clostridium difficile.
Review in Annual review of microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 187 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative effectiveness of treatments for recurrentFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome-A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- The impact of an oral purified microbiome therapeutic on the gastrointestinal microbiome.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy Study of Ridinilazole Versus Vancomycin for Treatment of Clostridioides difficile Infection: Clinical Outcomes With Microbiome and Metabolome Correlates of Response.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Impact of a Purified Microbiome Therapeutic on Abundance of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Prevalence of Comorbid Factors in Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in ECOSPOR III, a Randomized Trial of an Oral Microbiota-Based Therapeutic.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Safety and Tolerability of SER-109 as an Investigational Microbiome Therapeutic in Adults With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Phase 3, Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Assessment of Quality of Life Among Patients With Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Treated with Investigational Oral Microbiome Therapeutic SER-109: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- SER-109, an Investigational Microbiome Drug to Reduce Recurrence After Clostridioides difficile Infection: Lessons Learned From a Phase 2 Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- The Oral β-Lactamase SYN-004 (Ribaxamase) Degrades Ceftriaxone Excreted into the Intestine in Phase 2a Clinical Studies.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Trial
- Identification and Characterization of Patient Populations at High Risk for Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI): A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- The Bile Acid-Diet-Microbiome Axis inNutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- Biomarkers for Early Severity Prediction inMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Bile acid dependent attenuation of toxin mediated disease is independent of colonization resistance againstbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dietary Formic Acid Supplementation Affects the Growth and Health Status and Alters the Gut Transcriptome and Microbiota in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides).Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Characterization of the Gut Microbiome of Patients withPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- High-fat diet rewires gut host-microbiota relationship to derive worse outcomes followingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cytoplasmic membrane vesicles fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Interactions of bile acids and gut microbiota modulate neurological health: a comprehensive review on mechanisms and therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotics have significant and long-lasting effects on the intestinal microbiota and consequently reduce colonization resistance against pathogens, including Clostridium difficile. By altering the community structure of the gut microbiome, antibiotics alter the intestinal metabolome, which includes both host- and microbe-derived metabolites. The mechanisms by which antibiotics reduce colonization resistance against C. difficile are unknown yet important for development of preventative and therapeutic approaches against this pathogen. This review focuses on how antibiotics alter the structure of the gut microbiota and how this alters microbial metabolism in the intestine. Interactions between gut microbial products and C. difficile spore germination, growth, and toxin production are discussed. New bacterial therapies to restore changes in bacteria-driven intestinal metabolism following antibiotics will have important applications for treatment and prevention of C. difficile infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.