ReviewAnnual review of microbiology2015
Mechanisms of Bacterial Colonization of the Respiratory Tract.
Review in Annual review of microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Decolonization strategies for ESBL-producing or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales carriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the human upper respiratory tract microbiome reveals robust taxonomic associations with health and disease.BMC biology · 2024Pooled it
- Weekly azithromycin for 48 weeks impacts nasopharyngeal microbial prevalence and Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in children with HIV-associated chronic lung disease.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Epidemiological characteristics of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae strains among children with pneumonia in Chongqing, China.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Microevolution of Neisseria lactamica during nasopharyngeal colonisation induced by controlled human infection.Nature communications · 2018Trial
- Natural products shape microbial ecology and disease in the cystic fibrosis airway.Natural product reports · 2026Review
- Article
- A bacterial pangenome association study identifies a role for polyamine metabolism and alkaline tolerance in middle ear infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Selective statin therapy and nasal staphylococcal colonisation: a retrospective case-control study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Nasal Irrigation in Children: From Pathophysiological Rationale to Clinical Practice.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bacterial and host factors affecting acquisition ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- The Role of the Respiratory Microbiome in Pneumonia.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026Review
- Eliminate pneumococcal colonization by targeting intracellular acidification that promotes H2O2 production to enhance bacterial survival.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A non-antibiotic genetic selection system enables near-infrared in vivo imaging and evaluation of antibiotic efficacy for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.The Journal of antibiotics · 2026Article
- Prevalence ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- Airway Mucosal Defense: Mucins, Innate Immunity, and Contemporary Mucoactive Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Novel eugenol/limonene nanoplatform as a new remedy against bacterial lung infections.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in South African Infants With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Nested Case-Control Study of the Drakenstein Child Health Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine strategies for the treatment of bronchiectasis: a comprehensive review.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Bacterial and host factors affecting acquisition ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chief among these are infections involving the lower airways. The opportunistic bacterial pathogens responsible for most cases of pneumonia can cause a range of local and invasive infections. However, bacterial colonization (or carriage) in the upper airway is the prerequisite of all these infections. Successful colonizers must attach to the epithelial lining, grow on the nutrient-limited mucosal surface, evade the host immune response, and transmit to a susceptible host. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying these conserved stages of carriage. We also examine how the demands of colonization influence progression to disease. A range of bacteria can colonize the upper airway; nevertheless, we focus on strategies shared by many respiratory tract opportunistic pathogens. Understanding colonization opens a window to the evolutionary pressures these pathogens face within their animal hosts and that have selected for attributes that contribute to virulence and pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.