ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2015
Invited commentary: every good randomization deserves observation.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Tenofovir Alafenamide Combination Preexposure Prophylaxis Versus Placebo.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Composition or Context: Using Transportability to Understand Drivers of Site Differences in a Large-scale Housing Experiment.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Bridged treatment comparisons: an illustrative application in HIV treatment.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Use of transportability methods for real-world evidence generation: a review of current applications.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2024Review
- Associations of a Prenatal Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Mixture with the Cord Serum Metabolome in the HOME Study.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Applicability of evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to clinical practice: A conceptual review.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2021Article
- Diagnostic Assessment of Assumptions for External Validity: An Example Using Data in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Virologic suppression and CD4+ cell count recovery after initiation of raltegravir or efavirenz-containing HIV treatment regimens.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Observational
- Generalizing Study Results: A Potential Outcomes Perspective.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising approach to prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, in which an HIV-negative individual takes a single daily dose of an antiretroviral drug so that, if exposed to HIV, an active antiretroviral drug is already present in his or her system. In this issue of the Journal, Murnane et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2015;182(10):848-856) use data from the Partners PrEP Study (Kenya and Uganda, 2008-2011) to estimate the efficacy of PrEP under perfect adherence. We discuss Murnane et al.'s work and then examine the larger issues of generalizability or transportability of findings from a randomized trial to a new setting when adherence to an intervention determines its effectiveness. We discuss sufficient conditions for generalizability and use causal directed acyclic graphs to show how these assumptions might play out when trials are used to make inferences about the effect of PrEP in current and future real-world target populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.