Trial reportBMC neurology2015
A randomized controlled behavioral intervention trial to improve medication adherence in adult stroke patients with prescription tailored Short Messaging Service (SMS)-SMS4Stroke study.
Trial report in BMC neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 85 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled SMS Intervention For Improving Medication Adherence in Adult Stroke Patients
Secondary Prevention By Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in INDIA (SPRINT INDIA) Study
Effectiveness of mHealth Intervention Using Multifaceted Educational and Reminder Module Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence and Treatment Outcome Among Hypertensive Patients in Lahore, Pakistan: a Randomized Controlled Trial
COmprehensive Management of High-risk PopuLatIon for Stroke bAsed oN soCial nEtwork: A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Health Technologies for Risk Factor Management and Secondary Prevention After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions to Improve Self-Care in Patients With Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of using medication reminder technologies by home-dwelling older citizens: a systematic review.Age and ageing · 2026Pooled it
- Theory-Based Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence Among Patients With Hypertension in Primary Healthcare and the Community: A Systematic Review.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Pooled it
- Text messages as a tool to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions in Improving Medication Adherence Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review on experimental studies about patient adherence to treatment.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of mobile application types on stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of mobile health and telehealth technology on medication adherence of stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2022Pooled it
- Digital Technology Interventions for Risk Factor Modification in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Interactive eHealth Interventions on Improving Medication Adherence in Adults With Long-Term Medication: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Applying the Electronic Health Literacy Lens: Systematic Review of Electronic Health Interventions Targeted at Socially Disadvantaged Groups.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Pooled it
- The Comparative Effectiveness of Mobile Phone Interventions in Improving Health Outcomes: Meta-Analytic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2019Pooled it
- Theories Applied to m-Health Interventions for Behavior Change in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2018Pooled it
- Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions in Improving Medication Adherence Among People with Hypertension: a Systematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2018Pooled it
- Mobile phone text messaging to improve medication adherence in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The role of mHealth for improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes · 2016Pooled it
- Mobile Phone Interventions for the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesPooled it
- Efficacy of a Personalized mHealth App in Improving Micronutrient Supplement Use Among Pregnant Women in Karachi, Pakistan: Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effectiveness of mobile technology to improve medication adherence via customized Short Messaging Service (SMS) reminders for stroke has not been tested in resource poor areas. We designed a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of SMS on improving medication adherence in stroke survivors in Pakistan.
methodsThis was a parallel group, assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled, superiority trial. Participants were centrally randomized in fixed block sizes. Adult participants on multiple medications with access to a cell phone and stroke at least 4 weeks from onset (Onset as defined by last seen normal) were eligible. The intervention group, in addition to usual care, received reminder SMS for 2 months that contained a) Personalized, prescription tailored daily medication reminder(s) b) Twice weekly health information SMS. The Health Belief Model and Social Cognitive theory were used to design the language and content of messages. Frontline SMS software was used for SMS delivery. Medication adherence was self-reported and measured on the validated Urdu version of Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to model the outcome against intervention and other covariates. Analysis was conducted by intention-to-treat principle.
resultsTwo hundred participants were enrolled. 38 participants were lost to follow-up. After 2 months, the mean medication score was 7.4 (95 % CI: 7.2-7.6) in the intervention group while 6.7 (95 % CI: 6.4-7.02) in the control group. The adjusted mean difference (Δ) was 0.54 (95 % CI: 0.22-0.85). The mean diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group was 2.6 mmHg (95 % CI; -5.5 to 0.15) lower compared to the usual care group.
conclusionA short intervention of customized SMS can improve medication adherence and effect stroke risk factors like diastolic blood pressure in stroke survivors with complex medication regimens living in resource poor areas.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01986023 last accessed at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01986023.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.