ArticleOncotarget2015
CXCR3 as a molecular target in breast cancer metastasis: inhibition of tumor cell migration and promotion of host anti-tumor immunity.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preoperative exercise induces anti-tumor Kupffer cells to prevent surgical stress-promoted colorectal cancer liver metastasis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Modulation of Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids by SARS-CoV-2 Variants Across Cancer Types: A Study Combining Morphology, Inflammation, and Whole-Exome Profiling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Artemis: Harnessing Knowledge Graphs for Next-Generation Drug Target Prioritization.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Non-immune targeting of CXCR3 compromises mitochondrial function and suppresses tumor growth in glioblastoma.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Protumor effect of CXCL10/CXCR3 axis in canine mammary gland tumor.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Article
- Detecting metastatic potential of cancer through longitudinal vasculature imaging of biomaterial scaffold using non-invasiveTheranostics · 2025Article
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- Hybrid regulatory T cells: camouflaged architects of tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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- Tumor-driven stromal reprogramming in the pre-metastatic lymph node.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Evaluating differences in optical properties of indolent and aggressive murine breast tumors using quantitative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2023Article
- Article
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- Targeting CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis: an important component of tumor-promoting and antitumor immunity.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Review
- HDAC3 Inhibition Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Enhancing CXCL10-Mediated Chemotaxis and Recruiting of Immune Cells.Cancer immunology research · 2023Article
- Systemic immunological profile of children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: performance of cell populations and soluble mediators as serum biomarkers.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Identification of cell types in multiplexed in situ images by combining protein expression and spatial information using CELESTA.Nature methods · 2022Article
- Raman spectroscopy reveals phenotype switches in breast cancer metastasis.Theranostics · 2022Article
- Contribution of CXCR3-mediated signaling in the metastatic cascade of solid malignancies.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2021Review
- Chemokine Receptor Antagonists: Role in Oncology.Current oncology reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors have critical roles in cancer metastasis and have emerged as one of the targeting options in cancer therapy. However, the treatment efficacy on both tumor and host compartments needs to be carefully evaluated. Here we report that targeting CXCR3 decreased tumor cell migration and at the same time improved host anti-tumor immunity. We observed an increased expression of CXCR3 in metastatic tumor cells compared to those from non-metastatic tumor cells. Knockdown (KD) of CXCR3 in metastatic tumor cells suppressed tumor cell migration and metastasis. Importantly, CXCR3 expression in clinical breast cancer samples correlated with progression and metastasis. For the host compartment, deletion of CXCR3 in all host cells in 4T1 mammary tumor model significantly decreased metastasis. The underlying mechanisms involve a decreased expression of IL-4, IL-10, iNOs, and Arg-1 in myeloid cells and an increased T cell response. IFN-γ neutralization diminished the metastasis inhibition in the CXCR3 knockout (KO) mice bearing 4T1 tumors, suggesting a critical role of host CXCR3 in immune suppression. Consistently, targeting CXCR3 using a small molecular inhibitor (AMG487) significantly suppressed metastasis and improved host anti-tumor immunity. Our findings demonstrate that targeting CXCR3 is effective in both tumor and host compartments, and suggest that CXCR3 inhibition is likely to avoid adverse effects on host cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.