ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2016
Thyroid Hormones and Moderate Exposure to Perchlorate during Pregnancy in Women in Southern California.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between exposure to sodium/iodide symporter inhibitors and markers of thyroid function: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Chemosphere · 2025Pooled it
- Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Associations of maternal urinary perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate with maternal thyroid function during pregnancy: Modification by iodine status in the MARBLES study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Mixture of air pollution, brominated flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and organochlorine pesticides in relation to vitamin D concentrations in pregnancy.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Iodine Deficiency, Maternal Hypothyroxinemia and Endocrine Disrupters Affecting Fetal Brain Development: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Gestational Exposure to Perchlorate in the Rat: Thyroid Hormones in Fetal Thyroid Gland, Serum, and Brain.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Article
- Occurrence, distribution and dynamics of perchlorate in soil, water, fertilizers, vegetables and fruits and associated human exposure in Chile.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2022Article
- An endocrinologist's journey in iodine nutrition.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Review
- Perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate: Environmental relevant NIS-inhibitors pollutants and their impact on thyroid function and human health.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- A profile and review of findings from the Early Markers for Autism study: unique contributions from a population-based case-control study in California.Molecular autism · 2021Review
- Endocrine disruptors also function as nervous disruptors and can be renamed endocrine and nervous disruptors (ENDs).Toxicology reports · 2021Review
- Endocrine Disruptors-'Food' for Thought.Proceedings of the Zoological Society · 2021Review
- Consensus on the key characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2020Review
- Evaluating Chemicals for Thyroid Disruption: Opportunities and Challenges with in Vitro Testing and Adverse Outcome Pathway Approaches.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Article
- Differences in Prenatal Tobacco Exposure Patterns among 13 Race/Ethnic Groups in California.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria from Hypersaline Soils of the Colombian Caribbean.International journal of microbiology · 2019Article
- Food Additives and Child Health.Pediatrics · 2018Article
- Associations of early life urinary triclosan concentrations with maternal, neonatal, and child thyroid hormone levels.Hormones and behavior · 2018Article
- Thyroid-disrupting chemicals and brain development: an update.Endocrine connections · 2018Review
- Exposure to Perchlorate in Lactating Women and Its Associations With Newborn Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFindings from national surveys suggest that everyone in the United States is exposed to perchlorate. At high doses, perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate inhibit iodide uptake into the thyroid and decrease thyroid hormone production. Small changes in thyroid hormones during pregnancy, including changes within normal reference ranges, have been linked to cognitive function declines in the offspring.
objectivesWe evaluated the potential effects of low environmental exposures to perchlorate on thyroid function.
methodsSerum thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid antibodies and urinary perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide concentrations were measured in 1,880 pregnant women from San Diego County, California, during 2000-2003, a period when much of the area's water supply was contaminated from an industrial plant with perchlorate at levels near the 2007 California regulatory standard of 6 μg/L. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between urinary perchlorate and serum thyroid hormone concentrations in models adjusted for urinary creatinine and thiocyanate, maternal age and education, ethnicity, and gestational age at serum collection.
resultsThe median urinary perchlorate concentration was 6.5 μg/L, about two times higher than in the general U.S. POPULATION: Adjusted associations were identified between increasing log10 perchlorate and decreasing total thyroxine (T4) [regression coefficient (β) = -0.70; 95% CI: -1.06, -0.34], decreasing free thyroxine (fT4) (β = -0.053; 95% CI: -0.092, -0.013), and increasing log10 thyroid-stimulating hormone (β = 0.071; 95% CI: 0.008, 0.133).
conclusionsThese results suggest that environmental perchlorate exposures may affect thyroid hormone production during pregnancy. This could have implications for public health given widespread perchlorate exposure and the importance of thyroid hormone in fetal neurodevelopment. CITATION: Steinmaus C, Pearl M, Kharrazi M, Blount BC, Miller MD, Pearce EN, Valentin-Blasini L, DeLorenze G, Hoofnagle AN, Liaw J. 2016. Thyroid hormones and moderate exposure to perchlorate during pregnancy in women in Southern California. Environ Health Perspect 124:861-867; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409614.
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