ArticleOtology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology2016
Anti CD163+, Iba1+, and CD68+ Cells in the Adult Human Inner Ear: Normal Distribution of an Unappreciated Class of Macrophages/Microglia and Implications for Inflammatory Otopathology in Humans.
Article in Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Migraine and auditory dysfunction: beyond comorbidity.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Thioredoxin protects against diabetic hearing loss by regulating TOMM22 mediated mitochondrial autophagy in hair cells and inhibiting microglial M1 polarization.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The cochlear macrophage in presbycusis: inflammaging, neuroinflammation, and targets for therapeutic modulation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Dual immune armies in glaucoma: microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cochlear macrophage CD74 enhances the apoptosis of senescent cochlear hair cells by down-regulating MIF.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The auditory nerve glial transition zone is a focal site of age-related immune-myelin interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sentinels or saboteurs, the Janus face of cochlear-resident macrophages in hearing loss: spatiotemporal distribution, pathophysiological functions, and translational potential.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Reuniting and Endolymphatic Duct Macrophages: Localization and Possible Roles.Audiology research · 2025Article
- Immunohistopathology of Cochleovestibular Schwannoma in Human Temporal Bone Specimens.Biology · 2025Article
- Dexamethasone-eluting cochlear implants reduce inflammation and foreign body response in human and murine cochleae.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic polymorphisms in human CXJournal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The effects of mitochondrial damage and energy metabolism disorders on the progression of noise-induced deafness and its treatment.Head & face medicine · 2025Review
- Trophic and temporal dynamics of macrophage biology in human inner ear organogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CXFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Investigating cochlear cellular dynamics in neurofibromatosis type 2-associated schwannomatosis: a histopathological study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Activated tissue-resident macrophages contribute to hair cell insults in noise-induced hearing loss in mice.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Tissue engineering strategies for spiral ganglion neuron protection and regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Exploring Inner Ear and Brain Connectivity through Perilymph Sampling for Early Detection of Neurological Diseases: A Provocative Proposal.Brain sciences · 2024Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
hypothesisIdentification, characterization, and location of cells involved in the innate immune defense system of the human inner ear may lead to a better understanding of many otologic diseases and new treatments for hearing and balance-related disorders.
backgroundMany otologic disorders are thought to have, as part of their disease process, an immune component. Although resident macrophages are known to exist in the mouse inner ear, the innate immune cells in the human inner ear are, to date, unknown.
methodsPrimary antibodies against CD163, Iba1, and CD68 (markers known to be specific for macrophages/microglia) were used to immunohistochemically stain celloidin embedded archival temporal bone tissue of normal individuals with no known otologic disorders other than changes associated with age.
resultsCells were positively stained throughout the temporal bone within the connective tissue and supporting cells with all three markers. They were often associated with neurons and on occasion entered the sensory cell areas of the auditory and vestibular epithelium.
conclusionsWe have immunohistochemically identified an unappreciated class of cells in the normal adult inner ear consistent in staining characteristics and morphology with macrophages/microglia. As in other organ systems, it is likely these cells play an essential role in organ homeostasis that has not yet been elucidated within the ear.
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Registered trials
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