SynthesisPloS one2015
The Role of Tourism and Recreation in the Spread of Non-Native Species: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stakeholder perceptions of tourism's impacts on the ecological environment of island destinations based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of periapical lesion size on the success rate of different endodontic treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Evidence-based dentistry · 2023Pooled it
- The influence of seabirds on their breeding, roosting and nesting grounds: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of animal ecology · 2022Pooled it
- Impacts of non-native invertebrates and plants on polar soil systems.npj biodiversity · 2026Review
- Climatic niche conservatism in non-native plants depends on introduction history and biogeographic context.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multiple sources of volunteered geographic information strengthen holistic estimates of lake visitation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Mechanisms underlying patchy distribution pattern and spread of the invasive speciesFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Fish-mediated impacts highlight the conservation value of Esker kettle lakes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Potential Therapeutic and Medicinal Applications of Four Invasive Non-Native Plant Species: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review of PubMed Studies.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The morphology, genetic structure, and haplotype distribution of the invasive freshwater snails Biomphalaria straminea and Physa acuta in Guangdong, China.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Hiking Trails Facilitate the Spread of a Native High-Arctic Species.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Estimating global geographical distribution and ecological niche dynamics of Ammannia coccinea under climate change based on Biomod2.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Shadows over Caribbean reefs: Identification of a new invasive soft coral species,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Montjuïc Hill (Barcelona): A Hotspot for Plant Invasions in a Mediterranean City.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Expansion of non-native plantEcology and evolution · 2022Article
- Big data from a popular app reveals that fishing creates superhighways for aquatic invaders.PNAS nexus · 2022Article
- Persistent soil seed banks promote naturalisation and invasiveness in flowering plants.Ecology letters · 2021Article
- Understanding how best to engage recreationists in biosecurity to reduce the impacts of tree diseases: a review.Emerging topics in life sciences · 2020Review
- Drivers of future alien species impacts: An expert-based assessment.Global change biology · 2020Article
- The effectiveness of disinfectant and steam exposure treatments to prevent the spread of the highly invasive killer shrimp, Dikerogammarus villosus.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Managing the pathways by which non-native species are introduced and spread is considered the most effective way of preventing species invasions. Tourism and outdoor recreation involve the frequent congregation of people, vehicles and vessels from geographically diverse areas. They are therefore perceived to be major pathways for the movement of non-native species, and ones that will become increasingly important with the continued growth of these sectors. However, a global assessment of the relationship between tourism activities and the introduction of non-native species-particularly in freshwater and marine environments-is lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the impact of tourism and outdoor recreation on non-native species in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments. Our results provide quantitative evidence that the abundance and richness of non-native species are significantly higher in sites where tourist activities take place than in control sites. The pattern was consistent across terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments; across a variety of vectors (e.g. horses, hikers, yachts); and across a range of taxonomic groups. These results highlight the need for widespread biosecurity interventions to prevent the inadvertent introduction of invasive non-native species (INNS) as the tourism and outdoor recreation sectors grow.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.