Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26484420›Full record

ReviewLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2016

Mechanisms of adaptation and progression in idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury, clinical implications.

Lily Dara, Zhang-Xu Liu, Neil Kaplowitz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
15.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Systematic comparison of temporal hepatotoxicant-induced gene network responses across 3 liver test systems.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Human Leukocyte Antigen (International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  6. Anti-Tubercular Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Current Understanding and Emerging Directions.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Khat-associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Review with RUCAM Analysis.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. High Grade Hepatotoxicity From Dual Checkpoint Inhibitors Is More Common in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Than Other Cancers.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Drug-induced liver injury: a comprehensive review.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2023
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lily DaraResearch Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Zhang-Xu LiuResearch Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Neil KaplowitzResearch Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
University of Southern California · US

Funding

USC RESEARCH CENTER FOR LIVER DISEASES: PILOT PROGRAMSP30DK048522 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KAPLOWITZ, NEIL · 1995 to 2020
$21.8M
Role of Glutathione Redox Status in HepatotoxicityR01DK067215 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KAPLOWITZ, NEIL · 2005 to 2019
$5.6M
Immunity in alcoholic hepatitis.U01AA021857 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI LIU, ZHANGXU · 2013 to 2017
$1.5M
NIAAA NIH HHS 5U01AA021857-03NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA021857NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK048522NIDDK NIH HHS P30DK48522NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK067215NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK067215
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the past decade our understanding of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (IDILI) and the contribution of genetic susceptibility and the adaptive immune system to the pathogenesis of this disease process has grown tremendously. One of the characteristics of IDILI is that it occurs rarely and only in a subset of individuals with a presumed susceptibility to the drug. Despite a clear association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and certain drugs that cause IDILI, not all individuals with susceptible HLA genotypes develop clinically significant liver injury when exposed to drugs. The adaptation hypothesis has been put forth as an explanation for why only a small percentage of susceptible individuals develop overt IDILI and severe injury, while the majority with susceptible genotypes develop only mild abnormalities that resolve spontaneously upon continuation of the drug. This spontaneous resolution is referred to as clinical adaptation. Failure to adapt or defective adaptation leads to clinically significant liver injury. In this review we explore the immuno-tolerant microenvironment of the liver and the mechanisms of clinical adaptation in IDILI with a focus on the role of immune-tolerance and cellular adaptive responses.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalChemical and Drug Induced Liver InjuryImmune ToleranceGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHLA AntigensHumansSeverity of Illness IndexHLA Antigensdrug induced liver injuryhepatotoxicityhuman leukocyte antigenimmune-toleranceT cells

Identifiers

PMID26484420
PMCPMC4718752
OpenAlexW2139969518

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.