ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
Stage-Specific Role of Interferon-Gamma in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuro-Behavioral Improvement and Mechanistic Pathways of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes in Experimental Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Plasma proteomics implicates NOX-driven redox imbalance in degenerative cervical myelopathy: findings from the Australian MYelopathy Natural History Registry [AO Spine RECODE-DCM research priority number 5].Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Getting to the Core.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Impact of Anti-CD20 Therapies on Cytokine, Chemokine and Adhesion Molecule Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Ozanimod Reduces Serum Neurofilament Light Chain (NfL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Modulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Patients with Low-to-Moderate Activity Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Observational
- Impact of genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-18 and interleukin-21 genes on the risk and clinical outcomes of multiple sclerosis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Animal models of multiple sclerosis: applications and future directions in disease research.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- Uncovering a new player in ischemic stroke: a study of intra-arterial interferon-gamma-producing CD14Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- In vivo CRISPR screen reveals regulation of macrophage states in neuroinflammation.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) in multiple sclerosis: a review of mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Interferon-γ-induced tolerogenic dendritic cells ameliorate autoimmune neuroinflammation and suppress T-cell responses in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Interferons in Autoimmunity: From Loss of Tolerance to Chronic Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Decoding the Potential Impact of Plasma hsa-miR-24-3p and hsa-miR-181 d-3p Expression, Plasma IFN-γ Levels, and IFNG rs2069727 T/C Genetic Variant on Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Glatiramer Acetate Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Connection: A New Horizon in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Review
- OCA-B promotes pathogenic maturation of stem-like CD4+ T cells and autoimmune demyelination.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Integrated transcriptomics of multiple sclerosis peripheral blood mononuclear cells explored potential biomarkers for the disease.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Investigating mechanisms underlying the development of paralysis symptom in a model of MS.Brain research bulletin · 2025Article
- Role of Thrombosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Intricate Mechanism of Neurovascular Complications.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Engineered immunological niche directs therapeutic development in models of progressive multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The Effects of Fisetin on Gene Expression Profile and Cellular Metabolism in IFN-γ-Stimulated Macrophage Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of interferon (IFN)-γ in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), has remained as an enigmatic paradox for more than 30 years. Several studies attribute this cytokine a prominent proinflammatory and pathogenic function in these pathologies. However, accumulating evidence shows that IFN-γ also plays a protective role inducing regulatory cell activity and modulating the effector T cell response. Several innate and adaptive immune cells also develop opposite functions strongly associated with the production of IFN-γ in EAE. Even the suppressive activity of different types of regulatory cells is dependent on IFN-γ. Interestingly, recent data supports a stage-specific participation of IFN-γ in EAE providing a plausible explanation for previous conflicting results. In this review, we will summarize and discuss such literature, emphasizing the protective role of IFN-γ on immune cells. These findings are fundamental to understand the complex role of IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of these diseases and can provide basis for potential stage-specific therapy for MS targeting IFN-γ-signaling or IFN-γ-producing immune cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.