Trial reportJournal of the National Cancer Institute2015
Lung Cancer Risk and Demographic Characteristics of Current 20-29 Pack-year Smokers: Implications for Screening.
Trial report in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Lung Cancer Screening, Version 3.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2018Guideline
- Lung Cancer Screening-Eligible Population From 2000 to 2050 in Argentina: A Simulation Study Brief Report.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Article
- Demographic shifts in referral to and completion of lung cancer screening after the 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force update.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Lung cancer screening: are race- and risk-aware criteria needed?Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Eligibility and Prognostic Performance of Smoking Duration-Based Versus Pack-Year-Based U.S. National Lung Cancer Screening Criteria Across Racial and Ethnic Groups.Annals of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical exploration of first-line therapy in metastatic lung adenocarcinoma patients with negative or low PD-L1 expression: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of chest radiography using artificial intelligence for lung cancer screening in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Demographic and racial disparities in small-cell lung carcinoma: trends in diagnosis to treatment time, chemoradiotherapy seeking, and incidence rates-A SEER database analysis (2000-2021) with Bayesian multilevel regression modeling.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Impact of smoking reduction on lung cancer risk in patients with COPD who smoked fewer than 30 pack-years: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Role of sex in lung cancer risk prediction based on single low-dose chest computed tomography.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Changing recommendations for lung cancer screening: National Lung Cancer Roundtable member perspectives.Cancer · 2023Article
- Argentine consensus recommendations for lung cancer screening programmes: a RAND/UCLA-modified Delphi study.BMJ open · 2023Review
- Associations of chest X-ray trajectories, smoking, and the risk of lung cancer in two population-based cohort studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Lung cancer in the emergency department.Emergency cancer care · 2023Review
- Cigarette Smoking, and Blood Monocyte Count Correlate with Chronic Lung Injuries and Mortality.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening by the 2021 USPSTF Guidelines Versus Risk-Based Criteria: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
- The Journey for Lung Cancer Screening where we Stand Today.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2022Review
- Adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma in lungs of smokers: image feature differences from those in lungs of non-smokers.BMC medical imaging · 2021Article
- Primary lung cancer in women after previous breast cancer.BJS open · 2021Article
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Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBased on current recommendations, 30+ pack-years of smoking are required for eligibility for low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening; former smokers must have quit within 15 years. We investigated whether current smokers with 20 to 29 pack-years have similar lung cancer risks as eligible former smokers and also whether they have a different demographic profile.
methodsThe Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) was a randomly assigned screening trial of subjects age 55 to 74 years with chest radiographs (CXR) used for lung cancer. Subjects completed a baseline questionnaire containing smoking history questions. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age and sex, were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for various smoking history groups. Next, we utilized the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which inquired about smoking history and race/ethnicity, to analyze the demographic profiles of various high-risk smoking history categories. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsThe PLCO cohort included 18 114 former and 12 243 current LDCT-eligible smokers, plus 2283 20- to 29-pack-year current smokers. The hazard ratio for 20- to 29-pack-year current smokers compared with eligible (30+ pack-year) former smokers was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75 to 1.5). Based on the NHIS, 10 million persons in the United States are currently LDCT eligible; an additional 1.6 million (16%, 95% CI = 13.6% to 19.0%) are 20- to 29-pack-year current smokers. The percentage increase in eligibles if 20- to 29-pack-year current smokers were included was substantially greater for women than men (22.2%, 95% CI = 17.9% to 26.7%; vs 12.2%, 95% CI = 9.3% to 15.3%, P < .001) and for minorities than non-Hispanic whites (30.0%, 95% CI = 24.2% to 36.0%; vs 14.1%, 95% CI = 11.1% to 17.0%, P < .001).
conclusionThe potential benefits and harms of recommending LDCT screening for 20 to 29-pack-year current smokers should be assessed.
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