SynthesisBehavior genetics2016
Differences in Adolescent Physical Fitness: A Multivariate Approach and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Behavior genetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polygenic scores and physical fitness prediction: a systematic review.Human genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Reviewing the association between motor competence and physical activity from a behavioral genetic perspective.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Does theGenes · 2026Article
- Mapping Handgrip Strength Research in Sports Performance: A Bibliometric Review of Applications, Trends, and Future Directions.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Breaking the intergenerational cycle of extinction of experience: Actions needed and pathways forward.Cambridge prisms. Extinction · 2026Review
- Article
- Genetic Regulation of Physical Fitness in Children: A Twin Study of 15 Tests from Eurofit and Fitnessgram Test Batteries.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2024Article
- Comparison of physical activity and physical fitness in children and adolescents of Chinese Han and Tibet ethnicity.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Physical, Psychological, and Body Composition Differences between Active and Sedentary Adolescents According to the "Fat but Fit" Paradigm.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Associations Between Variations in Accumulated Workload and Physiological Variables in Young Male Soccer Players Over the Course of a Season.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Disparities in physical fitness of 6-11-year-old children: the 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey.BMC public health · 2020Article
- An Extended Twin-Pedigree Study of Different Classes of Voluntary Exercise Behavior.Behavior genetics · 2020Article
- Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Related with Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Schoolchildren Aged 6-13.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Relationship Between the Practice of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Physical Education Students: The Integrated Regulation As a Mediating Variable.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism is not associated with passive muscle stiffness and sports-related muscle injury in Japanese athletes.BMC medical genetics · 2019Article
- Mediterranean Diet, Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Sevillian Adolescents: A Healthy Lifestyle.Nutrients · 2019Article
- ESR1 rs2234693 Polymorphism Is Associated with Muscle Injury and Muscle Stiffness.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2019Article
- Heritability and Sex-Specific Genetic Effects of Self-Reported Physical Activity in a Brazilian Highly Admixed Population.Human heredity · 2019Article
- Biological/Genetic Regulation of Physical Activity Level: Consensus from GenBioPAC.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2018Review
- A multilevel analysis of health-related physical fitness. The Portuguese sibling study on growth, fitness, lifestyle and health.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Physical fitness can be defined as a set of components that determine exercise ability and influence performance in sports. This study investigates the genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in explosive leg strength (vertical jump), handgrip strength, balance, and flexibility (sit-and-reach) in 227 healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs and 38 of their singleton siblings (mean age 17.2 ± 1.2). Heritability estimates were 49% (95% CI 35-60%) for vertical jump, 59% (95% CI 46-69%) for handgrip strength, 38% (95% CI 22-52%) for balance, and 77% (95% CI 69-83%) for flexibility. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed on all twin studies in children, adolescents and young adults reporting heritability estimates for these phenotypes. Fifteen studies, including results from our own study, were meta-analyzed by computing the weighted average heritability. This showed that genetic factors explained most of the variance in vertical jump (62%; 95% CI 47-77%, N = 874), handgrip strength (63%; 95% CI 47-73%, N = 4516) and flexibility (50%; 95% CI 38-61%, N = 1130) in children and young adults. For balance this was 35% (95% CI 19-51%, N = 978). Finally, multivariate modeling showed that the phenotypic correlations between the phenotypes in current study (0.07 < r < 0.27) were mostly driven by genetic factors. It is concluded that genetic factors contribute significantly to the variance in muscle strength, flexibility and balance; factors that may play a key role in the individual differences in adolescent exercise ability and sports performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.