Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26481612›Full record

ArticleRare diseases (Austin, Tex.)2015

The immune system in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Friend or foe.

S Armando Villalta, Amy S Rosenberg, Jeffrey A Bluestone

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Rare diseases (Austin, Tex.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

S Armando VillaltaDiabetes Center; University of California, San Francisco ; San Francisco, CA USA.
Amy S RosenbergUS Food and Drug Administration; Division of Therapeutic Proteins ; Silver Spring, MD USA.
Jeffrey A BluestoneDiabetes Center; University of California, San Francisco ; San Francisco, CA USA ; Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco ; San Francisco, CA USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USUnited States Food and Drug Administration · US

Funding

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGYT32AI007334 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CYSTER, JASON G · 1988 to 2023
$11.0M
NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007334
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the X-linked dystrophin gene, resulting in reduced or absent protein production, subsequently leading to the structural instability of the dystroglycan complex (DGC), muscle degeneration, and early death in males. Thus, current treatments have been targeting the genetic defect either by bypassing the mutation through exon skipping or replacing the defective gene through gene therapy and stem cell approaches. However, what has been an underappreciated mediator of muscle pathology and, ultimately, of muscle degeneration and fibrotic replacement, is the prominent inflammatory response. Of potentially critical importance, however, is the fact that the elements mediating the inflammatory response also play an essential role in tissue repair. In this opinion piece, we highlight the detrimental and supportive immune parameters that occur as a consequence of the genetic disorder and discuss how changes to immunity can potentially ameliorate the disease intensity and be employed in conjunction with efforts to correct the genetic disorder.

Indexed as

autoimmunitybiologicsDuchenne muscular dystrophydystrophin-specific immunitygene therapyinflammationinterleukin-10regulatory T cells

Identifiers

PMID26481612
PMCPMC4588155
OpenAlexW1559691988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.