ArticleParasitology research2016
Cross-resistance of Leishmania infantum isolates to nitric oxide from patients refractory to antimony treatment, and greater tolerance to antileishmanial responses by macrophages.
Article in Parasitology research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic characterization of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis associated with antimony therapeutic failure and variable in vitro tolerance to amphotericin B.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Elimination Status of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Southeast Asia Region.Acta parasitologica · 2024Review
- Assessing proteases and enzymes of the trypanothione system in subpopulations of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Thor strain during macrophage infection.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Article
- Amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania mexicana: Alterations to sterol metabolism and oxidative stress response.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Nitric Oxide Resistance inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Insights from Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in vitro behavior and intercellular communication.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Antimony resistance associated with persistence of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum infection in macrophages.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Regulation of Translation in the Protozoan ParasiteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Leishmania infantum induces high phagocytic capacity and intracellular nitric oxide production by human proinflammatory monocyte.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2020Article
- Discovery of novel hit compounds with broad activity against visceral and cutaneous Leishmania species by comparative phenotypic screening.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Increased thiol levels in antimony-resistant Leishmania infantum isolated from treatment-refractory visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2018Article
- Leishmaniasis in humans: drug or vaccine therapy?Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Review
- The enemy within: Targeting host-parasite interaction for antileishmanial drug discovery.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Review
- Therapeutic effect of ursolic acid in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2017Article
- sCD163 levels as a biomarker of disease severity in leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a life-threatening disease characterized by intense parasitism of the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Antimonials have served as front-line antileishmanial therapeutics for decades, but the increasing failure rates under antimonial treatment have challenged the continued use of these drugs. Pentavalent antimonials are known to reinforce the killing mechanisms of macrophages, although the associated mechanism remains unclear. Here, for the first time, we determined whether Leishmania infantum strains isolated from patients refractory to antimony treatment (relapse cases) were cross-resistant to antimonials, liposomal amphotericin B, and/or nitric oxide, and also whether these strains modulate macrophage infection. We selected four clinical isolates from relapse cases and two clinical isolates from antimony-responsive patients (control group) for the present study. The L. infantum promastigotes from all four relapse cases were resistant to trivalent antimonial treatment and nitric oxide, while only one isolate was resistant to liposomal amphotericin B. We evaluated whether the resistant strains from relapse cases showed enhanced infectivity and amastigote survival in macrophages, or macrophage-killing mechanisms in macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide plus interferon gamma. Infection indexes calculated using macrophages infected with isolates from relapse were higher than those observed with control strains that were stimulated independently. Macrophage infection was higher with L. infantum isolates from relapse cases and correlated with enhanced interleukin 1-β production but showed similar nitrite production. Our results demonstrate that L. infantum field isolates from relapse cases were resistant to antimonials and nitric oxide and that these parasites stimulated inflammatory cytokines and were resistant to macrophage-killing mechanisms, factors that may contribute to disease severity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.