ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2015
Monitoring of HIV treatment in seven countries in the WHO Region of the Americas.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Pooled it
- Economic evaluation of weekends-off antiretroviral therapy for young people in 11 countries.Medicine · 2018Trial
- Sex Differences in Advanced HIV Disease at Presentation in Care Among People Living With HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Transitions through the HIV continuum of care in people enrolling in care with advanced HIV disease in Latin America.IJID regions · 2025Article
- Clinical outcomes and risk factors for immune recovery and all-cause mortality in Latin Americans living with HIV with virological success: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Incomplete Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Is Associated with Lower CD4-CD8 Ratio in Virally Suppressed Patients with HIV Infection in Mexico.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- Development and Validation of a Three-Parameter Scoring System for Monitoring HIV/AIDS Patients in Low-Resource Settings Using Hematological Parameters.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Late-onset opportunistic infections while receiving anti-retroviral therapy in Latin America: burden and risk factors.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Clinical effects of durability of immunosuppression in virologically suppressed ART-initiating persons with HIV in Latin America. A retrospective cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Estimated life expectancy gains with antiretroviral therapy among adults with HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean: a multisite retrospective cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2021Article
- The HIV epidemic in Latin America: a time to reflect on the history of success and the challenges ahead.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Review
- Frequency of non-communicable diseases in people 50 years of age and older receiving HIV care in Latin America.PloS one · 2020Article
- The HIV epidemic in Latin America: accomplishments and challenges on treatment and prevention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
- Immediate treatment of acute HIV in a tertiary healthcare center: bridging gaps in communication using smartphones.HIV medicine · 2019Article
- Trends in proportion of older HIV-infected people in care in Latin America and the Caribbean: a growing challenge.Epidemiology and infection · 2018Article
- Article
- Shifting the HIV Training and Research Paradigm to Address Disparities in HIV Outcomes.AIDS and behavior · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the prevalence of adequate monitoring and the costs of measuring CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ cell) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load in people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in seven countries in the WHO Region of the Americas.
methodsWe obtained retrospective, longitudinal data for 14 476 adults who started a first ART regimen at seven HIV clinics in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico and Peru between 2000 and 2011. We estimated the proportion of 180-day periods with adequate monitoring, which we defined as at least one CD4+ cell count and one viral load measurement. Factors associated with adequate monitoring were analysed using regression methods. The costs of the tests were estimated.
findingsThe median follow-up time was 50.4 months; the proportion of 180-day periods with adequate CD4+ cell counts was 69% while the proportion with adequate monitoring was 62%. Adequate monitoring was more likely in participants who were older, who started ART more recently, whose first regimen included a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or who had a CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells/µl at ART initiation. The cost of one CD4+ cell count ranged from 7.37 United States dollars (US$) in Argentina to US$ 64.09 in Chile; the cost of one viral load measurement ranged from US$ 20.34 in Brazil to US$ 186.28 in Haiti.
conclusionIn HIV-infected participants receiving ART in the WHO Region of the Americas, CD4+ cell count and viral load monitoring was often carried out less frequently than regional guidelines recommend. The laboratory costs of monitoring varied greatly.
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