Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26476729›Full record

Trial reportJournal of neuro-oncology2016

A phase II study of bevacizumab and erlotinib after radiation and temozolomide in MGMT unmethylated GBM patients.

J J Raizer, P Giglio, J Hu, M Groves, R Merrell, C Conrad, S Phuphanich, V K Puduvalli, M Loghin, N Paleologos and 14 more

Abstract readClinical Trial, Phase II
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Next-generation therapeutics for glioblastoma: Challenges and future directions.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Serendipity in Neuro-Oncology: The Evolution of Chemotherapeutic Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.

J J RaizerDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall, Room 1123, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. jraizer@nm.org.
P GiglioJames Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
J HuDepartments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
M GrovesAustin Brain Tumor Center, Austin, USA.
R MerrellDepartment of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, USA.
C ConradAustin Brain Tumor Center, Austin, USA.
S PhuphanichDepartments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
V K PuduvalliJames Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
M LoghinDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
N PaleologosDepartment of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
Y YuanDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
D LiuDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
A RademakerDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
W K YungDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
B VaillantDell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, USA.
J RudnickDepartments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA.
M ChamberlainDepartment of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
N VickDepartment of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, USA.
S GrimmDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall, Room 1123, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
I W Tremont-LukatsDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
J De GrootDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
K AldapeDepartment of Pathology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
M R GilbertNeuro-Oncology Branch, NIH, Bethesda, USA.
Brain Tumor Trials Collaborative
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center · USNorthwestern University · USThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · USNorthShore University HealthSystem · USNational Institutes of Health · USRush University Medical Center · US

Funding

Tumor Evolution and Metastasis ProgramP30CA016672 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Scott Kopetz · 1985 to 2026
$290.8M
Patient Oriented Research Program in Neuro-oncologyK24CA160777 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI PUDUVALLI, VINAY K · 2012 to 2015
$580k
NCI NIH HHS K24 CA160777NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016672
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Survival for glioblastoma (GBM) patients with an unmethyated MGMT promoter in their tumor is generally worse than methylated MGMT tumors, as temozolomide (TMZ) response is limited. How to better treat patients with unmethylated MGMT is unknown. We performed a trial combining erlotinib and bevacizumab in unmethylated GBM patients after completion of radiation (RT) and TMZ. GBM patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter were trial eligible. Patient received standard RT (60 Gy) and TMZ (75 mg/m2 × 6 weeks) after surgical resection of their tumor. After completion of RT they started erlotinib 150 mg daily and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks until progression. Imaging evaluations occurred every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Of the 48 unmethylated patients enrolled, 46 were evaluable (29 men and 17 women); median age was 55.5 years (29-75) and median KPS was 90 (70-100). All patients completed RT with TMZ. The median number of cycles (1 cycle was 4 weeks) was 8 (2-47). Forty-one patients either progressed or died with a median progression free survival of 9.2 months. At a follow up of 33 months the median overall survival was 13.2 months. There were no unexpected toxicities and most observed toxicities were categorized as CTC grade 1 or 2. The combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab is tolerable but did not meet our primary endpoint of increasing survival. Importantly, more trials are needed to find better therapies for GBM patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter.

Indexed as

AdultAntineoplastic AgentsBevacizumabBrain NeoplasmsDacarbazineDisease-Free SurvivalDNA MethylationDNA Modification MethylasesErlotinib HydrochlorideFemaleGlioblastomaHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRadiotherapyAntineoplastic AgentsBevacizumabDacarbazineDNA Modification MethylasesErlotinib HydrochlorideTemozolomide

Identifiers

PMID26476729
PMCPMC4826294
OpenAlexW2110966639

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.