ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2016
Clinical risk factors for death after release from prison in Washington State: a nested case-control study.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A Proposal for a Best-evidence Model of Care and Program Logic for Supported Accommodation for People Released From Prison.International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology · 2026Article
- Reintegration programmes for people with severe mental illnesses released from correctional institutions: systematic review.BJPsych open · 2026Review
- Veterans' lived experiences with transitioning from prison: an evaluation of goals and barriers to success after incarceration.Journal of social distress and the homeless · 2026Article
- Drug use vs. abstinence after incarceration: associations with competing psychosocial needs and their relevance to the importance of treatment.Health & justice · 2026Article
- Retention on Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder in Justice-Involved Individuals: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- Do Substances Used in Adolescence Predict the Persistence of Substance Use Disorders in Adulthood? A 15-Year Study of Youth After Detention.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- Involuntary discharge from drug or alcohol treatment programs in Vancouver, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Inequities in Mental Health Services: A 16-Year Longitudinal Study of Youth in the Justice System.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2024Article
- "Catching Chain" With Medicaid: The Impact of Medicaid Access on Opioid Overdose Mortality in Adults Released From State Detention.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Overdose Experiences Among a Sample of Women in Jail with Opioid Use Disorder.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Risk of homelessness after prison release and recidivism in Denmark: a nationwide, register-based cohort study.The Lancet. Public health · 2023Article
- "Come try it out. Get your foot in the door:" Exploring patient perspectives on low-barrier treatment for opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Record linkage studies of drug-related deaths among adults who were released from prison to the community: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- The association between drug use and mortality in a norwegian prison cohort: a prospective cohort study.Health & justice · 2023Article
- "Just fighting for my life to stay alive": a qualitative investigation of barriers and facilitators to community re-entry among people with opioid use disorder and incarceration histories.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsWhile mortality rates after prison release are high, little is known about clinical risk factors for death. We sought to identify risk and protective factors for all-cause and accidental poisoning (overdose) death.
designNested case-control study of people released from prison.
settingWashington State Department of Corrections, Washington, USA.
participantsCases (699 all-cause deaths, of which 88 were among women, and 196 additional overdose deaths, of which 76 were among women) between 1999 and 2009 matched 1 : 1 to controls on sex, age and year of release using risk set sampling. MEASUREMENTS: Prison medical charts were abstracted for clinical information. Independent associations between clinical characteristics and all-cause and overdose mortality were assessed using conditional logistic regression.
findingsKey independent risk factors for all-cause mortality included homelessness [odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06, 2.23], injection drug use (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.06), tobacco use (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.13), cirrhosis (OR = 4.42, 95% CI = 1.63, 11.98) and psychiatric medications before release (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.71, 3.30). Independent risk factors for overdose mortality included substance use disorder (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.32, 4.11), injection drug use (OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.53, 3.86), panic disorder (OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.62, 9.21), psychiatric prescriptions before release (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.55, 3.85) and problems with opiates/sedatives (OR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.40, 5.63). Substance use disorder treatment during the index incarceration was protective for all-cause (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49, 0.91) and overdose (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.90) mortality.
conclusionsInjection drug use and substance use disorders are risk factors for death after release from prison. In-prison substance use disorder treatment services may reduce the risk.
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