Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26476141›Full record

ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2016

Prebiotic administration normalizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anxiety and cortical 5-HT2A receptor and IL1-β levels in male mice.

Helene M Savignac, Yvonne Couch, Michael Stratford, David M Bannerman, George Tzortzis, Daniel C Anthony, Philip W J Burnet

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. What Animal Models Can Tell Us About Long-Term Psychiatric Symptoms in Sepsis Survivors: a Systematic Review.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2021
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. The therapeutic effects ofGut microbiome (Cambridge, England) · 2025
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Helene M SavignacClasado Research Services Ltd, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK.
Yvonne CouchDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1, UK.
Michael StratfordCR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
David M BannermanDepartment of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1, UK.
George TzortzisClasado Research Services Ltd, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK.
Daniel C AnthonyDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1, UK.
Philip W J BurnetDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK. Electronic address: phil.burnet@psych.ox.ac.uk.

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/I006311/1Wellcome Trust 087736
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The manipulation of the enteric microbiota with specific prebiotics and probiotics, has been shown to reduce the host's inflammatory response, alter brain chemistry, and modulate anxiety behaviour in both rodents and humans. However, the neuro-immune and behavioural effects of prebiotics on sickness behaviour have not been explored. Here, adult male CD1 mice were fed with a specific mix of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides (Bimuno®, BGOS) for 3 weeks, before receiving a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces sickness behaviour and anxiety. Locomotor and marble burying activities were assessed 4h after LPS injection, and after 24h, anxiety in the light-dark box was assessed. Cytokine expression, and key components of the serotonergic (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and glutamatergic system were evaluated in the frontal cortex to determine the impact of BGOS administration at a molecular level. BGOS-fed mice were less anxious in the light-dark box compared to controls 24h after the LPS injection. Elevated cortical IL-1β concentrations in control mice 28 h after LPS were not observed in BGOS-fed animals. This significant BGOS×LPS interaction was also observed for 5HT2A receptors, but not for 5HT1A receptors, 5HT, 5HIAA, NMDA receptor subunits, or other cytokines. The intake of BGOS did not influence LPS-mediated reductions in marble burying behaviour, and its effect on locomotor activity was equivocal. Together, our data show that the prebiotic BGOS has an anxiolytic effect, which may be related to the modulation of cortical IL-1β and 5-HT2A receptor expression. Our data suggest a potential role for prebiotics in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders where anxiety and neuroinflammation are prominent clinical features.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnxietyCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalFrontal LobeGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHippocampusIllness BehaviorInflammationInterleukin-1betaLipopolysaccharidesMaleMicePrebioticsReceptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2AReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateCytokinesInterleukin-1betaLipopolysaccharidesPrebioticsReceptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2AReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateSerotonin5-HT2A receptorBehaviourBGOSCytokinesFrontal cortexInflammationMicrobiotaNMDA receptor

Identifiers

PMID26476141
PMCPMC4927692

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.