ArticleBMC research notes2015
Genital infections and risk of premature rupture of membranes in Mulago Hospital, Uganda: a case control study.
Article in BMC research notes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Vulvovaginal yeast infections during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- Trichomoniasis and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Pooled it
- The Association Between Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis, Bacterial Vaginosis, and Aerobic Vaginitis, and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of suppressive acyclovir administered to HSV-2 positive mothers from week 28 to 36 weeks of pregnancy on adverse obstetric outcomes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial.Reproductive health · 2017Trial
- Article
- Association between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and spontaneous preterm labour in Lagos, Nigeria: an analytical cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Predictors and outcomes of premature rupture of membranes among pregnant women admitted to a teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia: a cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Vaginal Microflora in High Vaginal Swab in Prelabour Rupture of Membrane: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
- Anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory effect of amniopatch in the treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- NlpC/P60 peptidoglycan hydrolases of Trichomonas vaginalis have complementary activities that empower the protozoan to control host-protective lactobacilli.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Maternal Infection and Preterm Birth: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Implications.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Determinants of premature rupture of membrane among pregnant women in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia: A case-control study.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Pre-labor rupture of membranes and associated factors among pregnant women admitted to the maternity ward, Northwest Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- The Effect of HSV-1 Seropositivity on the Course of Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Condition of Newborns.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Determinants of Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM) Among Pregnant Women in Southern Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study.International journal of women's health · 2022Article
- Article
- Neutrophil interactions with the sexually transmitted parasiteOpen biology · 2020Review
- Predictors of Premature Rupture of Membranes among Pregnant Women in Rural Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital.International journal of reproductive medicine · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Admitted in Debre Tabor General Hospital, North West Ethiopia: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory mediators that weaken and cause membrane rupture are released during the course of genital infections among pregnant women. We set out to determine the association of common genital infections (Trichomonas vaginalis, syphilis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Group B Streptococcus, Bacterial vaginosis, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and candidiasis) and premature rupture of membranes in Mulago hospital, Uganda.
methodsWe conducted an unmatched case-control study among women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy at New Mulago hospital, Uganda. The cases had PROM and the controls had intact membranes during latent phase of labour in the labour ward. We used interviewer-administered questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric and medical history. Laboratory tests were conducted to identify T. vaginalis, syphilis, N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, Group B Streptococcus, Bacterial vaginosis, Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and candidiasis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of the association between genital infections and PROM.
resultsThere was an association between PROM and abnormal vaginal discharge (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.10-3.70 and AOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.18-4.47), presence of candidiasis (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.14-0.52 and AOR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.10-0.46) and T. vaginalis (OR = 2.98, 95% CI 1.18-7.56 and AOR = 4.22, 95% CI 1.51-11.80). However, there was no association between PROM and presence of C. trachomatis (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 0.37-11.49) and HSV-2 serostatus (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.63-2.09). Few or no patients with Bacterial vaginosis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Group B streptococcus or syphilis were identified among the cases and controls. Co-infection of Trichomoniasis and candidiasis was not associated with PROM (AOR = 1.34, 95% CI 0.16-11.10). Co infection with T. vaginalis and C. trachomatis was associated with PROM (OR = 3.09, 95% CI 1.21-7.84 and AOR = 4.22, 95% CI 1.51-11.83).
conclusionTrichomonas vaginalis alone, T. vaginalis with C. trachomatis co-infection and abnormal per vaginal discharge were found as risk factors for PROM. There was no association of HSV-2 serostatus, syphilis, N. gonorrhea, C. trachomatis, Group B Streptococcus and Bacterial vaginosis with PROM. Candidiasis seemed to have a protective effect on PROM.
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