ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2016
Inactivation Kinetics and Mechanism of a Human Norovirus Surrogate on Stainless Steel Coupons via Chlorine Dioxide Gas.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validation of digital PCR as a complementary tool to MS2 plaque assay for virucidal activity assessment.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Process Technologies for Disinfection of Food-Contact Surfaces in the Dry Food Industry: A Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of action of microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Inactivation ofPolish journal of microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Food safety lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of food safety · 2021Review
- Emerging Technologies for Aerial Decontamination of Food Storage Environments to Eliminate Microbial Cross-Contamination.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Low-cost, Small-scale Decontamination of Laboratory Equipment by Using Chlorine Dioxide Gas.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2019Article
- A smart multi-functional coating based on anti-pathogen micelles tethered with copper nanoparticlesRSC advances · 2018Article
- The Effect of Heat and Free Chlorine Treatments on the Surface Properties of Murine Norovirus.Food and environmental virology · 2017Article
- Virucidal Activity of Fogged Chlorine Dioxide- and Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Disinfectants against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogate, Feline Calicivirus, on Hard-to-Reach Surfaces.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis caused by human norovirus is a significant public health issue. Fresh produce and seafood are examples of high-risk foods associated with norovirus outbreaks. Food contact surfaces also have the potential to harbor noroviruses if exposed to fecal contamination, aerosolized vomitus, or infected food handlers. Currently, there is no effective measure to decontaminate norovirus on food contact surfaces. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas is a strong oxidizer and is used as a decontaminating agent in food processing plants. The objective of this study was to determine the kinetics and mechanism of ClO2 gas inactivation of a norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), on stainless steel (SS) coupons. MNV-1 was inoculated on SS coupons at the concentration of 10(7) PFU/coupon. The samples were treated with ClO2 gas at 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 4 mg/liter for up to 5 min at 25°C and a relative humidity of 85%, and virus survival was determined by plaque assay. Treatment of the SS coupons with ClO2 gas at 2 mg/liter for 5 min and 2.5 mg/liter for 2 min resulted in at least a 3-log reduction in MNV-1, while no infectious virus was recovered at a concentration of 4 mg/liter even within 1 min of treatment. Furthermore, it was found that the mechanism of ClO2 gas inactivation included degradation of viral protein, disruption of viral structure, and degradation of viral genomic RNA. In conclusion, treatment with ClO2 gas can serve as an effective method to inactivate a human norovirus surrogate on SS contact surfaces.
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Registered trials
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