ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2016
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, High-Risk Behaviors, and Morbidity in Adulthood.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 304 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
304 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 702 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dimensions of early life adversity and cardiometabolic health in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Pooled it
- Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- Health effects associated with exposure of children to physical violence, psychological violence and neglect: a Burden of Proof study.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- Measuring adversity in the ABCD® Study: systematic review and recommendations for best practices.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the prevalence of childhood adversity among university students in the United Kingdom: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Cumulative vulnerabilities and smoking abstinence: A test from a randomized clinical trial.Behaviour research and therapy · 2023Trial
- The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders among pregnant women living with HIV in Malawi.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Trial
- The Intergenerational Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Hispanic Families: The Mediational Roles of Parental Depression and Parent-Adolescent Communication.Family process · 2022Trial
- Long-term impact of childhood exposure to interparental physical violence on cancer risk in adulthood: a prospective cohort study.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Unintended Pregnancy: Evidence From North Dakota PRAMS, 2017-2020.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Early Exposure to a Parent's Alcohol Use Disorder as an Adverse Childhood Experience: Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences in Adulthood.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Cumulative Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and School Outcomes During Adolescence: A Scoping Review.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- Stories of Childhood Trauma Experienced by Women Living Houseless: Deconstructing the Concept of Protection.Research in nursing & health · 2026Article
- An Evaluation of a Trauma-Informed Care Training Programme Within a Dental Hospital.European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe · 2026Article
- Family and community positive childhood experiences and mental health from childhood to adolescence: Independent and cumulative associations.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Impact of Childhood Trauma on Neuropsychological Disorders and Its Intergenerational Transmission Mechanisms.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Improving Neonatal Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Screening in the NICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- The relationship between pre-incarceration related social determinants and glycaemic control in African Americans with criminal legal involvement and type 2 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Effects of adverse childhood experiences and childhood socioeconomic disadvantage on youth depression: A scoping review.Journal of child and adolescent mental health · 2026Article
- The Moderating Role of Social and Emotional Support in the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental Health Across Racial Groups: the Need for Investing in Social Capital.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
244 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with early mortality and morbidity. This study evaluated the association among ACEs, high-risk health behaviors, and comorbid conditions, as well as the independent effect of ACE components.
methodsData were analyzed on 48,526 U.S. adults from five states in the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Exposures included psychological, physical, and sexual forms of abuse as well as household dysfunction such as substance abuse, mental illness, violence, and incarceration. Main outcome measures included risky behaviors and morbidity measures, including binge drinking, heavy drinking, current smoking, high-risk HIV behavior, obesity, diabetes, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, depression, disability caused by poor health, and use of special equipment because of disability. Multiple logistic regression assessed the independent relationship between ACE score categories and risky behaviors/comorbidities in adulthood, and assessed the independent relationship between individual ACE components and risky behaviors/comorbid conditions in adulthood controlling for covariates.
resultsA total of 55.4% of respondents reported at least one ACE and 13.7% reported four or more ACEs. An ACE score ≥4 was associated with increased odds for binge drinking, heavy drinking, smoking, risky HIV behavior, diabetes, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, stroke, depression, disability caused by health, and use of special equipment because of disability. In addition, the individual components had different effects on risky behavior and comorbidities.
conclusionsIn addition to having a cumulative effect, individual ACE components have differential relationships with risky behaviors, morbidity, and disability in adulthood after controlling for important confounders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.