ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
Animal Reservoirs of Zoonotic Tungiasis in Endemic Rural Villages of Uganda.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of tungiasis in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2020Pooled it
- Successful Treatment of Severe Tungiasis in Pigs Using a Topical Aerosol Containing Chlorfenvinphos, Dichlorphos and Gentian Violet.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Trial
- Estimation of the global burden of tungiasis in endemic countries using a disability adjusted life-years modelling approach.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Imported Tungiasis in Greece: Secondary Household Transmission and Transient Mixed Liver Enzyme Elevation.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Individual and household factors associated with tungiasis in a marginalized population in Karamoja, northeastern Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Integrated action for skin NTDs: Deconstructing transmission, addressing knowledge gaps, and championing one health strategies.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Article
- Reduction of tungiasis prevalence, intensity, and morbidity during a two-year long community-based tungiasis control project in a hyperendemic region in Karamoja, Uganda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- First report of Tunga trimamillata infection in a dog.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Tunga penetrans infections and severity of associated morbidity among pigs during the dry season in rural Uganda.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Identification of tungiasis infection hotspots with a low-cost, high-throughput method for extracting Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera) off-host stages from soil samples-An observational study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Observational
- Efficacy of an oral formulation of afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime against Tunga penetrans in naturally infected dogs.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Tungiasis: Participation of Cats and Chickens in the Dispersion and Maintenance of the Disease in an Endemic Tourist Area in Brazil.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- High Level of Knowledge about Tungiasis but Little Translation into Control Practices in Karamoja, Northeastern Uganda.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Characterization of tungiasis infection and morbidity using thermography in Kenya revealed higher disease burden during COVID-19 school closures.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
- Treatment of Animal Tungiasis: What's New?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Human and Animal Tungiasis in Napak District, Karamoja, Northeastern Uganda.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Factors associated with tungiasis among school-age children in Kwale County, rural Kenya.International health · 2023Article
- Investigation of human tungiasis cases, Sheema District, Uganda, November 2021-February 2022.The Pan African medical journal · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnimal tungiasis is believed to increase the prevalence and parasite burden in humans. Animal reservoirs of Tunga penetrans differ among endemic areas and their role in the epidemiology of tungiasis had never been investigated in Uganda. METHODS AND
findingsTo identify the major animal reservoirs of Tunga penetrans and their relative importance in the transmission of tungiasis in Uganda, a cross sectional study was conducted in animal rearing households in 10 endemic villages in Bugiri District. T. penetrans infections were detected in pigs, dogs, goats and a cat. The prevalences of households with tungiasis ranged from 0% to 71.4% (median 22.2) for animals and from 5 to 71.4% (median 27.8%) for humans. The prevalence of human tungiasis also varied among the population of the villages (median 7%, range 1.3-37.3%). Pig infections had the widest distribution (nine out of 10 villages) and highest prevalence (median 16.2%, range 0-64.1%). Pigs also had a higher number of embedded sand fleas than all other species combined (p < 0.0001). Dog tungiasis occurred in five out of 10 villages with low prevalences (median of 2%, range 0-26.9%). Only two goats and a single cat had tungiasis. Prevalences of animal and human tungiasis correlated at both village (rho = 0.89, p = 0.0005) and household (rho = 0.4, p < 0.0001) levels. The median number of lesions in household animals correlated with the median intensity of infection in children three to eight years of age (rho = 0.47, p < 0.0001). Animal tungiasis increased the odds of occurrence of human cases in households six fold (OR = 6.1, 95% CI 3.3-11.4, p < 0.0001).
conclusionAnimal and human tungiasis were closely associated and pigs were identified as the most important animal hosts of T. penetrans. Effective tungiasis control should follow One Health principles and integrate ectoparasites control in animals.
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