ReviewInternational journal of cell biology2015
Hyaluronan Synthase: The Mechanism of Initiation at the Reducing End and a Pendulum Model for Polysaccharide Translocation to the Cell Exterior.
Review in International journal of cell biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Bioorthogonal and Programmable Bacterial Delivery System for Spatiotemporally Targeted Therapy of Solid Tumors.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Activity Versus Virulence Potential of Hyaluronic Acid: Balancing Advantages and Disadvantages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hyaluronan: An Architect and Integrator for Cancer and Neural Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Differential Impacts on Proteoglycan Expression in the Response to Lens Wounding in Reparative and Pro-fibrotic Microenvironments.Proteoglycan research · 2025Article
- Regulating cellular metabolism and morphology to achieve high-yield synthesis of hyaluronan with controllable molecular weights.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Perineuronal Nets: From Structure to Neurological Disorders.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Expression and molecular characterization of an intriguing hyaluronan synthase (HAS) from the symbiont "PeerJ · 2025Article
- Differential Regulation of Hyaluronan Synthesis by Three Isoforms of Hyaluronan Synthases in Mammalian Cells.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- From molecules to behavior: Implications for perineuronal net remodeling in learning and memory.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Review
- Hyaluronic acid metabolism and chemotherapy resistance: recent advances and therapeutic potential.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- Targeted Analysis of the Size Distribution of Heavy Chain-Modified Hyaluronan with Solid-State Nanopores.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Hyaluronan synthases; mechanisms, myths, & mysteries of three types of unique bifunctional glycosyltransferases.Glycobiology · 2023Review
- Age related changes in hyaluronan expression leads to Meibomian gland dysfunction.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Article
- Low oral dose of 4-methylumbelliferone reduces glial scar but is insufficient to induce functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of Hyaluronan on Breast Cancer Aggressiveness.Cancers · 2023Review
- Hyaluronic Acid: A Powerful Biomolecule with Wide-Ranging Applications-A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- 'Two-faces' of hyaluronan, a dynamic barometer of disease progression in tumor microenvironment.Discover oncology · 2023Review
- Bioinformatics characterization of BcsA-like orphan proteins suggest they form a novel family of pseudomonad cyclic-β-glucan synthases.PloS one · 2023Article
- Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The Infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes - Then and Now.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Hyaluronic acid association with bacterial, fungal and viral infections: Can hyaluronic acid be used as an antimicrobial polymer for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications?Bioactive materials · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) biosynthesis has been studied for over six decades, but our understanding of the biochemical details of how HA synthase (HAS) assembles HA is still incomplete. Class I family members include mammalian and streptococcal HASs, the focus of this review, which add new intracellular sugar-UDPs at the reducing end of growing hyaluronyl-UDP chains. HA-producing cells typically create extracellular HA coats (capsules) and also secrete HA into the surrounding space. Since HAS contains multiple transmembrane domains and is lipid-dependent, we proposed in 1999 that it creates an intraprotein HAS-lipid pore through which a growing HA-UDP chain is translocated continuously across the cell membrane to the exterior. We review here the evidence for a synthase pore-mediated polysaccharide translocation process and describe a possible mechanism (the Pendulum Model) and potential energy sources to drive this ATP-independent process. HA synthases also synthesize chitin oligosaccharides, which are created by cleavage of novel oligo-chitosyl-UDP products. The synthesis of chitin-UDP oligomers by HAS confirms the reducing end mechanism for sugar addition during HA assembly by streptococcal and mammalian Class I enzymes. These new findings indicate the possibility that HA biosynthesis is initiated by the ability of HAS to use chitin-UDP oligomers as self-primers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.