ArticleHarm reduction journal2015
Factors that influence the characteristics of needles and syringes used by people who inject drugs in Tajikistan.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- "Sharing is my only option": an ethnographic analysis of the underlying contexts of needle and syringe sharing among people who inject drugs using the socio-ecological framework.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Differential risks of syringe service program participants in Central Ohio: a latent class analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Review
- The Effectiveness of Low Dead Space Syringes for Reducing the Risk of Hepatitis C Virus Acquisition Among People Who Inject Drugs: Findings From a National Survey in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Heroin type, injecting behavior, and HIV transmission. A simulation model of HIV incidence and prevalence.PloS one · 2019Article
- Usage of low dead space syringes and association with hepatitis C prevalence amongst people who inject drugs in the UK.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Observational
- Feasibility of needle and syringe programs in Tajikistan distributing low dead space needles.Harm reduction journal · 2018Article
- Harm reduction in Asia and the Pacific: an evolving public health response.Harm reduction journal · 2015Article
- Recovering Infectious HIV from Novel Syringe-Needle Combinations with Low Dead Space Volumes.AIDS research and human retrovirusesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
background"Low dead space" syringes with permanently attached needles retain less fluid, blood, and HIV after use than standard "high dead space" syringes. This reduces the probability of HIV transmission if they are shared by people who inject drugs (PWID). The World Health Organization recently recommended that needle and syringe programs (NSP) offer clients low dead space syringes. The success of this recommendation will depend on PWID switching to low dead space needles and syringes. This paper examines the needles and syringes that PWID in Tajikistan use and factors that influence their choices.
methodsIn May 2014, we conducted six focus groups in Kulob and six in Khorog, Tajikistan, with a total of 100 participants. NSP staff members recruited participants. Focus group topics included the needles and syringes used and factors that influence choice of needles and syringes. Focus groups were conducted in Russian and Tajik, audio recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. The translated files were imported into NVivo 10 for coding and analysis.
resultsAll participants in both cities were male and reported injecting heroin. Everyone also reported using syringes with detachable needles almost exclusively. The most popular syringe sizes were 2 and 5 ml. Needles ranged in gauge from 25 to 21 g. Needle gauge was influenced by the size of the vein, the viscosity of drug solution to be injected, and problems with blood clotting. Needles ranged in length from 12 to 38 mm, with 25 and 32 mm being the most popular. Needle length was influenced by the depth of the vein being used. Many PWID inject volumes of fluid greater than 1 ml into deep veins that require needles at least 25 mm long and 25 g in diameter.
conclusionMost low dead space syringes are 1-ml insulin syringes with 12 mm 28 g permanently attached needles. Findings from this project suggest that these will not be acceptable to PWID who need larger syringes and longer and thicker needles that are detachable. Low dead space detachable needles appear to be an acceptable option that could overcome barriers to the widespread use of low dead space equipment for reducing HIV and HCV transmission.
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