ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2015
Forming competing fear learning and extinction memories in adolescence makes fear difficult to inhibit.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- D-cycloserine-augmented one-session treatment of specific phobias in children and adolescents.Brain and behavior · 2018Trial
- Adolescent and adult age differences in palatable food learning and consumption.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Estrous Cycle Impacts Fear Extinction and Relapse in Female Adolescent Rats.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Age and sex independently influence safety learning in mice.Behavioural brain research · 2025Article
- Developmental Shifts in Amygdala Function.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Ketamine's Amelioration of Fear Extinction in Adolescent Male Mice Is Associated with the Activation of the Hippocampal Akt-mTOR-GluA1 Pathway.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Intermixed safety cues facilitate extinction retention in adult and adolescent mice.Physiology & behavior · 2023Article
- Developmental age and fatty acid amide hydrolase genetic variation converge to mediate fear regulation in female mice.Developmental psychobiology · 2023Article
- Maturation of amygdala inputs regulate shifts in social and fear behaviors: A substrate for developmental effects of stress.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- An Adolescent Sensitive Period for Threat Responding: Impacts of Stress and Sex.Biological psychiatry · 2021Review
- Pre-adolescent stress disrupts adult, but not adolescent, safety learning.Behavioural brain research · 2021Article
- Fear Learning Enhances Prefrontal Cortical Suppression of Auditory Thalamic Inputs to the Amygdala in Adults, but Not Adolescents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Adolescent Vulnerability to Heightened Emotional Reactivity and Anxiety After Brief Exposure to an Obesogenic Diet.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Modulating reconsolidation and extinction to regulate drug reward memory.The European journal of neuroscience · 2019Review
- Maturational Changes in Prefrontal and Amygdala Circuits in Adolescence: Implications for Understanding Fear Inhibition during a Vulnerable Period of Development.Brain sciences · 2019Review
- Poor between-session recall of extinction learning and hippocampal activation and connectivity in children.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2018Article
- Neurocognitive Development of Motivated Behavior: Dynamic Changes across Childhood and Adolescence.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Review
- Exposure to an obesogenic diet during adolescence leads to abnormal maturation of neural and behavioral substrates underpinning fear and anxiety.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Elucidating the mechanisms of fear extinction in developing animals: a special case of NMDA receptor-independent extinction in adolescent rats.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Running wheel exercise reduces renewal of extinguished instrumental behavior and alters medial prefrontal cortex neurons in adolescent, but not adult, rats.Behavioral neuroscience · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fear inhibition is markedly impaired in adolescent rodents and humans. The present experiments investigated whether this impairment is critically determined by the animal's age at the time of fear learning or their age at fear extinction. Male rats (n = 170) were tested for extinction retention after conditioning and extinction at different ages. We examined neural correlates of impaired extinction retention by detection of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase immunoreactivity (pMAPK-IR) in several brain regions. Unexpectedly, adolescent rats exhibited good extinction retention if fear was acquired before adolescence. Further, fear acquired in adolescence could be successfully extinguished in adulthood but not within adolescence. Adolescent rats did not show extinction-induced increases in pMAPK-IR in the medial prefrontal cortex or the basolateral amygdala, or a pattern of reduced caudal central amygdala pMAPK-IR, as was observed in juveniles. This dampened prefrontal and basolateral amygdala MAPK activation following extinction in adolescence occurred even when there was no impairment in extinction retention. In contrast, only adolescent animals that exhibited impaired extinction retention showed elevated pMAPK-IR in the posterior paraventricular thalamus. These data suggest that neither the animal's age at the time of fear acquisition or extinction determines whether impaired extinction retention is exhibited. Rather, it appears that forming competing fear conditioning and extinction memories in adolescence renders this a vulnerable developmental period in which fear is difficult to inhibit. Furthermore, even under conditions that promote good extinction, the neural correlates of extinction in adolescence are different than those recruited in animals of other ages.
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