ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2016
Microglial Activity in People at Ultra High Risk of Psychosis and in Schizophrenia: An [(11)C]PBR28 PET Brain Imaging Study.
Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 255 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
255 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- EANM perspective on clinical PET and SPECT imaging in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: a systematic review of longitudinal studies.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammation in first-episode psychosis: The contribution of inflammatory biomarkers to the emergence of negative symptoms, a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- White-matter free-water diffusion MRI in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An updated conceptual review.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the Glial Marker TSPO in Psychosis Revisited: Reconciling Inconclusive Findings of Patient-Control Differences.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: meta-analysis ofPsychological medicine · 2019Pooled it
- A Meta-analysis of Immune Parameters, Variability, and Assessment of Modal Distribution in Psychosis and Test of the Immune Subgroup Hypothesis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Pooled it
- Is psychosis a multisystem disorder? A meta-review of central nervous system, immune, cardiometabolic, and endocrine alterations in first-episode psychosis and perspective on potential models.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Synaptic loss in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of synaptic protein and mRNA measures.Molecular psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Positron Emission Tomography Studies of the Glial Cell Marker Translocator Protein in Patients With Psychosis: A Meta-analysis Using Individual Participant Data.Biological psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Confirmation of Specific Binding of the 18-kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) Radioligand [Molecular imaging and biology · 2019Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of a gluten-free diet in patients with schizophrenia positive for antigliadin antibodies (AGA IgG): a pilot feasibility studyJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2019Trial
- Kinetic modelling of [Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2018Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Tocilizumab, An Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody, For Residual Symptoms in Schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Neuronal IL-18 Signaling in the Medial Habenula Contributes to Schizophrenia-Like Behavioral Deficits via ERK-Associated BDNF Suppression.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Mismatch negativity matures in adolescence and without sensitivity to microglial depletion.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Cell-type-specific genetic architecture reveals neuronal and immune contributions to neuropsychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The NLRP3 inflammasome: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications for schizophrenia and neuropsychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- TRPV1 Suppresses Microglial Inflammatory Activation to Ameliorate Schizophrenia-Associated Behaviors in Maternal Separation Rats.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Negative Symptoms Subtypes in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
195 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issuedCORRECTION.2017
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether microglial activity, measured using translocator-protein positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, is increased in unmedicated persons presenting with subclinical symptoms indicating that they are at ultra high risk of psychosis and to determine whether microglial activity is elevated in schizophrenia after controlling for a translocator-specific genetic polymorphism.
methodThe authors used the second-generation radioligand [(11)C]PBR28 and PET to image microglial activity in the brains of participants at ultra high risk for psychosis. Participants were recruited from early intervention centers. The authors also imaged a cohort of patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy subjects for comparison. In total, 50 individuals completed the study. At screening, participants were genotyped to account for the rs6971 polymorphism in the gene encoding the 18Kd translocator protein. The main outcome measure was total gray matter [(11)C]PBR28 binding ratio, representing microglial activity.
results[(11)C]PBR28 binding ratio in gray matter was elevated in ultra-high-risk participants compared with matched comparison subjects (Cohen's d >1.2) and was positively correlated with symptom severity (r=0.730). Patients with schizophrenia also demonstrated elevated microglial activity relative to matched comparison subjects (Cohen's d >1.7).
conclusionsMicroglial activity is elevated in patients with schizophrenia and in persons with subclinical symptoms who are at ultra high risk of psychosis and is related to at-risk symptom severity. These findings suggest that neuroinflammation is linked to the risk of psychosis and related disorders, as well as the expression of subclinical symptoms.
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Registered trials
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