Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26471918›Full record

ArticleHealth education research2015

Social norms theory and concussion education.

Emily Kroshus, Bernice R Garnett, Christine M Baugh, Jerel P Calzo

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health education research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Youth: Impact on Concussion Knowledge, Beliefs, and Reporting Intentions.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2025
    Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Concussion education for youth athletes using Pre-Game Safety Huddles: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2023
    Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Self-Presentation Concerns Among Injured Adolescent Athletes: A Qualitative Investigation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Stakeholder-Engaged Development of a Theory-Driven, Feasible, and Acceptable Approach to Concussion Education.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention'sHealth education journal · 2020
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  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Emily KroshusDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute and Harborview Injury Prevention Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, ekroshus@u.washington.edu.
Bernice R GarnettDepartment of Education, University of Vermont, College of Education and Social Services, Burlington, VT, USA.
Christine M BaughInterfaculty Initiative in Health Policy, Harvard University and Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA and.
Jerel P CalzoDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Division of Adolescent & Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Boston Children's Hospital · USHarvard University · USUniversity of Vermont · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Health Policy Training Program: Promoting Outcomes, Quality, Equity and Diffusion of AdvancesT32MH019733 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI Benjamin Le Cook, Haiden A Huskamp · 1993 to 2026
$7.0M
SUBSTANCE USE AND DISORDERED WEIGHT BEHAVIORS IN SEXUAL MINORITY YOUTH CONTEXTSK01DA034753 · NIDA · SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CALZO, JEREL PASION · 2013 to 2017
$721k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA034753NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019733NIMH NIH HHS T32MH019733
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Secondary prevention of harm from sport-related concussion is contingent on immediate removal from play post-injury. To-date, educational efforts to reduce the prevalent risk behavior of continued play while symptomatic have been largely ineffective. Social norms theory may hold promise as a foundation for more effective concussion education aimed at increasing concussion reporting. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether perceived team concussion reporting norms would be less supportive of an individual's safe concussion symptom reporting behavior than objective team norms. Participants were 328 male and female US collegiate athletes. Written surveys were completed in person during the spring of 2014. Among both male and female athletes, team concussion reporting norms were significantly misperceived, with athletes tending to think that they themselves have safer attitudes about concussion reporting than their teammates. Perceived norms were associated with symptom reporting intention, independent of the team's objective reporting norm. A social norms approach to concussion education, in which misperceived group norms are corrected and shifted in the direction of safety, is an important avenue for program development and evaluation research aimed at the secondary prevention of harm from concussion. Implications for the design of this type of educational programming are discussed.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeMandatory ReportingSocial NormsAdolescentAthletesBrain ConcussionFemaleHealth EducationHumansIntentionMaleSafetySportsYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID26471918
PMCPMC4668767
OpenAlexW2219985208

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.