ArticleGlia2016
Sequential activation of microglia and astrocyte cytokine expression precedes increased Iba-1 or GFAP immunoreactivity following systemic immune challenge.
Article in Glia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 323 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
323 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 577 citations in OpenAlex.
- PDE5 Inhibitors as Modulators of Alzheimer's-Associated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Meta-Analytical Assessment of Preclinical Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Cannabinoids on Ischemic Stroke-Associated Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Photobiomodulation for the treatment of neuroinflammation: A systematic review of controlled laboratory animal studies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Neurotoxic Effects of Neonicotinoids on Mammals: What Is There beyond the Activation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors?-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- High-fat diet intake induces neuroinflammation and alters the dopaminergic system in the amygdala of juvenile rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Multifaceted Roles of Tissue-Resident Macrophages: Focus on Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Rapid rescue of despair behaviors by sonogenetic neuromodulation of the mPFC-DRN pathway.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Palmitic Acid Amplifies Microglial Inflammatory Activation Involving C5aR1-Sensitive Inflammatory Signaling and JMJD3/H3K27me3-Related Epigenetic Changes.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Blood-brain barrier-penetrant nanotherapy inhibits haem oxygenase-1-mediated ferroptosis for post-resuscitation neuroprotection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Inflammation increases the penetrance of behavioral impairment in Shank3 haploinsufficiency mice - can it explain the behavioral regression in Autism?Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The glymphatic system in sleep: a nexus of waste clearance, brain homeostasis, and disease intervention.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture-modulated DHCR24 facilitates spinal cord injury recovery by attenuating apoptosis and neuroinflammation via the Wnt signaling pathway.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Prolonged systemic inflammation worsens impairments to astrocyte CaAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Double-Edged Sword?Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Pericytes are organ-specific regulators of tissue morphogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sex influences on tumor innervation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Article
- DRP1 induces neuroinflammation via transcriptional regulation of NF-ĸB.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Acute peripheral versus central inhibition of insulin receptors differentially alters cytokine and blood-brain barrier responses to an inflammatory stimulus.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Iron Oxide Nanozyme as Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Scavenger to Regulate Microglial Homeostasis in Stroke.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
263 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Activation of the peripheral immune system elicits a coordinated response from the central nervous system. Key to this immune to brain communication is that glia, microglia, and astrocytes, interpret and propagate inflammatory signals in the brain that influence physiological and behavioral responses. One issue in glial biology is that morphological analysis alone is used to report on glial activation state. Therefore, our objective was to compare behavioral responses after in vivo immune (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) challenge to glial specific mRNA and morphological profiles. Here, LPS challenge induced an immediate but transient sickness response with decreased locomotion and social interaction. Corresponding with active sickness behavior (2-12 h), inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression was elevated in enriched microglia and astrocytes. Although proinflammatory cytokine expression in microglia peaked 2-4 h after LPS, astrocyte cytokine, and chemokine induction was delayed and peaked at 12 h. Morphological alterations in microglia (Iba-1(+)) and astrocytes (GFAP(+)), however, were undetected during this 2-12 h timeframe. Increased Iba-1 immunoreactivity and de-ramified microglia were evident 24 and 48 h after LPS but corresponded to the resolution phase of activation. Morphological alterations in astrocytes were undetected after LPS. Additionally, glial cytokine expression did not correlate with morphology after four repeated LPS injections. In fact, repeated LPS challenge was associated with immune and behavioral tolerance and a less inflammatory microglial profile compared with acute LPS challenge. Overall, induction of glial cytokine expression was sequential, aligned with active sickness behavior, and preceded increased Iba-1 or GFAP immunoreactivity after LPS challenge.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.