ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015
Inner Retinal Oxygen Extraction Fraction in Response to Light Flicker Stimulation in Humans.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- A New Approach to Retinal Oxygen Extraction Measurement Based on Laser Speckle Flowgraphy and Retinal Oximetry.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- Serial dual-wavelength illumination for retinal vessel oximetry using a conventional fundus camera: a proof-of-concept study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association of papilledema severity with retinal vessel tortuosity in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Retinal Hypoxia: Relation to Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolic Biomarkers.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Racial Variations in Retinal Oxygen Metabolic Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Pilot Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A Method for Peripapillary Retinal Vessel Tortuosity Measurement and Its Clinical Correspondence.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- A Method to Evaluate the Frequency Dependence of Retinal Vascular and Neural Metrics to Stimulus Modulation.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Retinal Vessel Flicker Light Responsiveness and Its Relation to Analysis Protocols and Static and Metabolic Data in Healthy Subjects.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Feasibility of a method for measurement of retinal pulse-propagated wave velocity in humans.Microvascular research · 2025Article
- Predicting the impact of retinal vessel density on retinal vessel and tissue oxygenation using a theoretical model.Mathematical biosciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in progressive stages of diabetic retinopathy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Peripapillary Oxygenation and Retinal Vascular Responsiveness to Flicker Light in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Retinal Oxygen Delivery and Extraction in Ophthalmologically Healthy Subjects With Different Blood Pressure Status.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Variability of Retinal Oxygen Metrics in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Imaging the Retinal Vasculature.Annual review of vision science · 2021Review
- Retinal vessel diameters, flicker-induced retinal vasodilation and retinal oxygen saturation in high- and low-risk pregnancy.Acta ophthalmologica · 2021Article
- Relating Retinal Vascular Oxygen Saturation and Microvasculature Morphology at Progressive Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- Assessment of inner retinal oxygen metrics and thickness in a mouse model of inherited retinal degeneration.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Assessment of retinal vascular oxygenation and morphology at stages of diabetic retinopathy in African Americans.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLight flicker has been shown to stimulate retinal neural activity, increase blood flow, and alter inner retinal oxygen metabolism (MO2) and delivery (DO2). The purpose of the study was to determine the change in MO2 relative to DO2 due to light flicker stimulation in humans, as assessed by the inner retinal oxygen extraction fraction (OEF).
methodsAn optical imaging system, based on a modified slit lamp biomicroscope, was developed for simultaneous measurements of retinal vascular diameter (D) and oxygen saturation (SO2). Retinal images were acquired in 20 healthy subjects before and during light flicker stimulation. Arterial and venous D (DA and DV) and SO2 (SO2A and SO2V) were quantified within a circumpapillary region. Oxygen extraction fraction was defined as the ratio of MO2 to DO2 and was calculated as (SO2A - SO2V)/SO2A. Reproducibility of measurements was assessed.
resultsCoefficients of variation and intraclass correlation coefficients of repeated measurements were <5% and ≥0.83, respectively. During light flicker stimulation, DA, DV , and SO2V significantly increased (P ≤ 0.004). Oxygen extraction fraction was 0.37 ± 0.08 before light flicker and significantly decreased to 0.31 ± 0.07 during light flicker (P = 0.001).
conclusionsOxygen extraction fraction before and during light flicker stimulation is reported in human subjects for the first time. Oxygen extraction fraction decreased during light flicker stimulation, indicating the change in DO2 exceeded that of MO2. This technology is potentially useful for the detection of changes in OEF response to light flicker in physiological and pathological retinal conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.