Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26469638›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2015

HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in the United States: Geographically Explained Variance Across Racial and Ethnic Groups.

Sabriya L Linton, Hannah L F Cooper, Mary E Kelley, Conny C Karnes, Zev Ross, Mary E Wolfe, Don Des Jarlais, Salaam Semaan, Barbara Tempalski, Elizabeth DiNenno and 5 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 21% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sabriya L LintonSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Hannah L F CooperSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Mary E KelleySabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Conny C KarnesSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Zev RossSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Mary E WolfeSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Don Des JarlaisSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Salaam SemaanSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Barbara TempalskiSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Elizabeth DiNennoSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Teresa FinlaysonSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Catlainn SioneanSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Cyprian WejnertSabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Gabriela Paz-BaileySabriya L. Linton, Hannah L. F. Cooper, Mary E. Kelley, Conny C. Karnes, and Mary E. Wolfe are with The Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Zev Ross is with ZevRoss SpatialAnalysis, Ithaca, NY. Don Des Jarlais is with The Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chemical Dependency Institute, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY. Barbara Tempalski is with The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, National Development and Research Institutes, New York, NY. Salaam Semaan, Elizabeth DiNenno, Teresa Finlayson, Catlainn Sionean, Cyprian Wejnert, and Gabriela Paz-Bailey are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group
Insall Scott Kelly Institute · US

Funding

Virology and Molecular Biomarkers CoreP30AI050409 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Hannah LF Cooper · 2002 to 2026
$74.0M
The Statistics, Data Science, and Data Management (SDM) CoreP30MH043520 · NIMH · NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE DBA RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR MENTAL HYGIENE, INC · PI Claude Ann Mellins · 2003 to 2026
$48.2M
Transdisciplinary Theoretical Svnthesis and Development CoreP30DA011041 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI Holly Hagan · 1998 to 2026
$38.9M
Place characteristics & disparities in HIV in IDUs: A multilevel analysis of NHBSR01DA035101 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI COOPER, HANNAH LF · 2013 to 2017
$2.9M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050409NIDA NIH HHS DA035101NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA011041NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA035101NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH043520
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe explored how variance in HIV infection is distributed across multiple geographical scales among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States, overall and within racial/ethnic groups.

methodsPeople who inject drugs (n = 9077) were recruited via respondent-driven sampling from 19 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system. We used multilevel modeling to determine the percentage of variance in HIV infection explained by zip codes, counties, and MSAs where PWID lived, overall and for specific racial/ethnic groups.

resultsCollectively, zip codes, counties, and MSAs explained 29% of variance in HIV infection. Within specific racial/ethnic groups, all 3 scales explained variance in HIV infection among non-Hispanic/Latino White PWID (4.3%, 0.2%, and 7.5%, respectively), MSAs explained variance among Hispanic/Latino PWID (10.1%), and counties explained variance among non-Hispanic/Latino Black PWID (6.9%).

conclusionsExposure to potential determinants of HIV infection at zip codes, counties, and MSAs may vary for different racial/ethnic groups of PWID, and may reveal opportunities to identify and ameliorate intraracial inequities in exposure to determinants of HIV infection at these geographical scales.

Indexed as

AdultBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleEthnicityHispanic or LatinoHIV InfectionsHumansMiddle AgedPopulation SurveillanceRacial GroupsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousUnited StatesWhite People

Identifiers

PMID26469638
PMCPMC4638266
OpenAlexW2129110508

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.