ArticlePloS one2015
Comparison of Riboflavin and Toluidine Blue O as Photosensitizers for Photoactivated Disinfection on Endodontic and Periodontal Pathogens In Vitro.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of adjunctive light-activated disinfection and probiotics on clinical and microbiological parameters in periodontal treatment: a randomized, controlled, clinical pilot study.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Trial
- Assessment of the Impact of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Using a 635 nm Diode Laser and Toluidine Blue on the Susceptibility of Selected Strains ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Riboflavin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Periodontology: A Systematic Review of Applications and Outcomes.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Bactericidal Effect of Different Photochemical-Based Therapy Options on Implant Surfaces-An In Vitro Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- In Vitro Assessment of SWEEPS and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Alone or in Combination for EradicatingPharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Photoinactivation and Photoablation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Effect of Different Output Powers of Blue Diode Laser along with Curcumin and Riboflavin againstBiomedicines · 2023Article
- A Novel Technique for Disinfection Treatment of Contaminated Dental Implant Surface Using 0.1% Riboflavin and 445 nm Diode Laser-An In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Photodynamic Therapy for Peri-Implant Diseases.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Influence of Incubation Time on Ortho-Toluidine Blue Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Directed against SelectedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Efficacy of Toluidine Blue-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy onAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Microbiological Aspects of Root Canal Infections and Disinfection Strategies: An Update Review on the Current Knowledge and Challenges.Frontiers in oral health · 2021Review
- A New High-Throughput-Screening-Assay for Photoantimicrobials Based on EUCAST Revealed Unknown Photoantimicrobials in Cortinariaceae.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy With Curcumin and Riboflavin in the Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2021Review
- Effect of Apical Size and Taper on the Efficacy of Root Canal Disinfection With LED Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Irrigation With Sodium Hypochlorite.Journal of lasers in medical sciences · 2021Article
- Evaluation of Toluidine Blue-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Experimental Bacterial Keratitis in Rabbits.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- Non-Invasive Photodynamic Therapy against -Periodontitis-causing Bacteria.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- In Vitro Effect of Toluidine Blue Antimicrobial Photodynamic Chemotherapy onTranslational vision science & technology · 2019Article
- ROS mediated antibacterial activity of photoilluminated riboflavin: A photodynamic mechanism against nosocomial infections.Toxicology reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Photoactivated disinfection has a strong local antimicrobial effect. In the field of dentistry it is an emerging adjunct to mechanical debridement during endodontic and periodontal treatment. In the present study, we investigate the effect of photoactivated disinfection using riboflavin as a photosensitizer and blue LED light for activation, and compare it to photoactivated disinfection with the widely used combination of toluidine blue O and red light. Riboflavin is highly biocompatible and can be activated with LED lamps at hand in the dental office. To date, no reports are available on the antimicrobial effect of photoactivated disinfection using riboflavin/blue light on oral microorganisms. Planktonic cultures of eight organisms frequently isolated from periodontal and/or endodontic lesions (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherischia coli, Lactobacillus paracasei, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Propionibacterium acnes) were subjected to photoactivated disinfection with riboflavin/blue light and toluidine blue O/red light, and survival rates were determined by CFU counts. Within the limited irradiation time of one minute, photoactivated disinfection with riboflavin/blue light only resulted in minor reductions in CFU counts, whereas full kills were achieved for all organisms when using toluidine blue O/red light. The black pigmented anaerobes P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were eradicated completely by riboflavin/blue light, but also by blue light treatment alone, suggesting that endogenous chromophores acted as photosensitizers in these bacteria. On the basis of our results, riboflavin cannot be recommended as a photosensitizer used for photoactivated disinfection of periodontal or endodontic infections.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.