ArticlePloS one2015
Use of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and the Risk of Pneumonia: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors on the risk of acute respiratory failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials.Endocrine journal · 2024Pooled it
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials.World journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- Revolutionizing Treatment Strategies for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders: The Impact of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Incident infection risks depending on oral antidiabetic exposure in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- DPP4 Inhibitors and COVID-19-Holy Grail or Another Dead End?Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2021Review
- COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: Unraveling the hypotheses that worsen the prognosis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Review
- No significant association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and adverse outcomes of COVID-19.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
- Dissecting the interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Review
- Diabetes or endocrinopathy admitted in the COVID-19 ward.European journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Comparative Safety of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylureas and Other Glucose-lowering Therapies for Three Acute Outcomes.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Use of oral antidiabetic agents and risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a nested case-control study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Article
- Risk of infections in patients with gout: a population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The expression of proline-specific enzymes in the human lung.Annals of translational medicine · 2017Review
- Risk of community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stratified by smoking status: a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4Is) are drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is increasing evidence that DPP4Is may result in suppression of the immune system and may increase the risk of infections such as pneumonia. Aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of DPP4Is and the risk of pneumonia in a population-based study.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the world's largest primary care database, the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We selected all users of non-insulin antidiabetic drugs (NIADs), including DPP4Is, between 2007 and 2012. To each NIAD user, we matched randomly selected non-users. The NIAD user's first prescription defined the index date, which was then assigned to the matched non-users. Patients were followed from their first prescription until end of data collection or the first event of pneumonia, whichever came first. Cox regression analysis estimated the association between pneumonia and current use of DPP4Is versus 1) current use of other NIADs and 2) non-users. DPP4I use was then stratified to daily and cumulative dose. Analyses were statistically adjusted for age, sex, lifestyle factors and comorbidities and concomitant use of various other drugs.
resultsRisk of pneumonia was not increased with current DPP4I use versus use of other NIADs, adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.70; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.55-0.91. Also higher cumulative doses or daily doses did not further increase risk of pneumonia.
conclusionWe found no increased risk of pneumonia in T2DM patients using DPP4Is compared to T2DM patients using other NIADs. Our finding is in line with direct and indirect evidence from observational studies and RCTs. There is probably no need to avoid prescribing of DPP4Is to elderly patients who are at risk of pneumonia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.